Jamu: Indonesian traditional herbal medicine towards rational phytopharmacological use

Enzymatic catalysis of the Diels-Alder reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products.

To identify substances with anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity in traditional medicines, water and methanol extracts of crude drugs used in Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda) were subjected to screening for their inhibitory effects on HIV type 1 protease (PR) The enzyme activity was determined by HPLC and of the 39 crude drugs tested, the extracts of the seeds of Areca catechu, the bark of Eugenia jambolana, the bark of Saraca indica and the stem bark of Terminalia arjuna inhibited the HIV-1 PR activity by more than 70% at a concentration of 02 mg/mL The most potent inhibition was shown by the A catechu extract, from which some procyanidins were isolated One of them, arecatannin B1 showed significant HIV-1-PR inhibitory activity

Screening of various plant extracts used in ayurvedic medicine for inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease

Folk herbal medicines from tribal area of Rajasthan, India

A bioactivity-guided fractionation of an extract of Terminalia bellerica fruit rind led to the isolation of two new lignans named termilignan (1) and thannilignan (2), together with 7-hydroxy-3',4'-(methylenedioxy)flavan (3) and anolignan B (4). All four compounds possessed demonstrable anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, and antifungal activity in vitro.

New anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, and antifungal compounds from Terminalia bellerica.

Constituents of Sindora sumatrana MIQ.I. Isolation and NMR Spectral Analysis of Sesquiterpenes from the Dried Pods

Methanol and water extracts of 30 Indonesian medicinal plants were tested for inhibitory activity on avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV)-reverse transcriptase (RT). The most potent inhibition was shown by extracts of Loranthus parasiticus (whole plant), Helicteres isora (fruit), Terminalia belerica (fruit peel), Strobilanthes crispus (leaves) and Woodfordia floribunda (flower and leaves). Two kinds of template-primers, (rA) n -(dT) 12−18 , and (rC) n -(dG) 12−18 , were examined for polymerization reaction but the inhibitory activity was stronger in the (rC) n -(dG) 12−18 , directed reaction in most of the samples. These extracts showed no appreciable cytotoxicity at concentrations where over 90% of RT activity was inhibited

Inhibitory effects of indonesian plant extracts on reverse transcriptase of an RNA Tumour Virus (I)

The hepatoprotective effect of Alstonia scholaris R. Br. on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). beta-D-galactosamine, acetaminophen and ethanol were investigated by means of serum-biochemical and histopathological examinations. Post treatment of A scholaris reduced dose-dependently the elevation of serum transaminases level and histopathological changes such as cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, which were caused by the single administration of 32 microliters/kg CCl4 or 600 mg/kg acetaminophen in mice. A. scholaris significantly lowered 288 mg/kg beta-D-galactosamine induced serum transaminases elevation in the serum-biochemical analysis in rats. A tendency was also shown to inhibit cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by beta-D-galactosamine in histopathological examination. All serological and histopathological effects of A. scholaris were compared with those of Bupleurum chinense, which has been reported previously as a treatment criteria of hepatitis.

The protective effect of Alstonia scholaris R. Br. on hepatotoxin-induced acute liver damage

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (Zingiberaceae family, commonly known as temu lawak or Javanese turmeric in Indonesia), which is found both wild and cultivated in Indonesia, has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes. C. xanthorrhiza is also used as a tonic in Indonesia. The aim of the present study is to clarify whether C. xanthorrhiza treatment may prevent acute liver damage induced by acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride in mice. The results clearly indicated that extract of C. xanthorrhiza could reduce significantly the acute elevation of serum transaminases levels induced by the two kinds of hepatotoxins, and alleviated the degree of liver damage at 24 hours after the intraperitoneal administration of two hepatotoxins. It may be concluded that C. xanthorrhiza can protect the liver from various hepatotoxins, hence C. xanthorrhiza could be useful in the treatment of liver injuries and has promise as a kind of broad spectrum hepatoprotective agent.

Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza on Hepatotoxin-induced Liver Damage

Seven new trans-clerodane-type diterpenoids and three known ones have been identified from the chloroform-soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of Sindora sumatrana MIQ. The new compounds, each of which has a β-acetoxy group at the C-7 position, comprise three acid diterpenoids (3, 5, 6) and three neutral ones(8, 9, 10). The remaining one (7) is a dimethyl ester, which was obtained from an acid fraction after methylation with diazomethane. The structures of the isolated compounds were detemined by means of spectroscopic methods, mainly two-dimensional NMR techniques, and their relative stereochemistries were determined with the aid of difference nuclear Ovverhauser effect experiments.

Sutardjo Supriyatna

Papers

Constituents of Sindora sumatrana MIQ.I. Isolation and NMR Spectral Analysis of Sesquiterpenes from the Dried Pods

Inhibitory effects of indonesian plant extracts on reverse transcriptase of an RNA Tumour Virus (I)

The protective effect of Alstonia scholaris R. Br. on hepatotoxin-induced acute liver damage

Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza on Hepatotoxin-induced Liver Damage

Constituents of Sindora sumatrana MIQ. III.New trans-Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Dried Pods