1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

Many current neurophysiological, psychophysical, and psychological approaches to vision rest on the idea that when we see, the brain produces an internal representation of the world. The activation of this internal representation is assumed to give rise to the experience of seeing. The problem with this kind of approach is that it leaves unexplained how the existence of such a detailed internal representation might produce visual consciousness. An alternative proposal is made here. We propose that seeing is a way of acting. It is a particular way of exploring the environment. Activity in internal representations does not generate the experience of seeing. The outside world serves as its own, external, representation. The experience of seeing occurs when the organism masters what we call the governing laws of sensorimotor contingency. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a natural and principled way of accounting for visual consciousness, and for the differences in the perceived quality of sensory experience in the different sensory modalities. Several lines of empirical evidence are brought forward in support of the theory, in particular: evidence from experiments in sensorimotor adaptation, visual \"filling in,\" visual stability despite eye movements, change blindness, sensory substitution, and color perception.

A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness-Authors' Response-Acting out our sensory experience

Synopsis There is a growing body of literature associating abnormal scapular positions and motions, and, to a lesser degree, clavicular kinematics with a variety of shoulder pathologies. The purpose of this manuscript is to (1) review the normal kinematics of the scapula and clavicle during arm elevation, (2) review the evidence for abnormal scapular and clavicular kinematics in glenohumeral joint pathologies, (3) review potential biomechanical implications and mechanisms of these kinematic alterations, and (4) relate these biomechanical factors to considerations in the patient management process for these disorders. There is evidence of scapular kinematic alterations associated with shoulder impingement, rotator cuff tendinopathy, rotator cuff tears, glenohumeral instability, adhesive capsulitis, and stiff shoulders. There is also evidence for altered muscle activation in these patient populations, particularly, reduced serratus anterior and increased upper trapezius activation. Scapular kinematic altera...

The association of scapular kinematics and glenohumeral joint pathologies

In this paper, we provide the finalized definition of Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). Following the definition, we briefly describe the scope and goals of CogInfoCom, and discuss the common interests between CogInfoCom and the various research disciplines which contribute to this new field in a synergistic way.

/pdf/definition-and-synergies-of-cognitive-infocommunications-45r76dhea5.pdf

Definition and synergies of cognitive infocommunications

Formation and control of optimal trajectory in human multijoint arm movement : minimum torque-change model

The generalised development of operating systems based on graphical interfaces has reduced the possibility for blind people, to access to computers. Many attempts have been done using assistive technology to overcome this problem [1,2]. One of these attempts is the possible use of sensory substitution, following work done by P. Bach y Rita [3,4]. In the sixties, P. Bach y Rita has developed a device using sensory substitution which is called the Tactile Vision Substitution System (TVSS) [5]. This TVSS uses a camera to capture an image. The video signal is then processed to activate a stimulation matrix (20x20 dots), located anywhere on the subject's skin, giving a ‘tactile image'. The TVSS has been proved to be efficient, after a training period, for the identification of objects and even of people. But its weigh and price, as well as the limited resolution due to technical problems, has prevented its wide acceptation by visually impaired people. The main idea of our team is to use a minimal haptic stimulation to represent graphic information. The resolution would be due to the scan of the image by the hand carrying the sensors, rather than by an increase in the number of sensors. This device called ‘The Visual Glove' is devoted to two main applications: helping the visually impaired people to identify graphic information on a computer screen; being used as a support for cognitive research on perception and training [6].

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00021129/document

The visual glove

In this experiment, we test the hypothesis of whether a 'retina-like' space variant sampling pattern can improve the efficiency of a visual prosthesis. Subjects wearing a visuo-auditory substitution system were tested for their ability to point at visual targets. The test group (space-variant sampling), performed significantly better than the control group (uniform sampling). The pointing accuracy was enhanced, as was the speed to find the target. Surprisingly, the time spanned to complete the training was also reduced, suggesting that this space-variant sampling scheme facilitates the mastering of sensorimotor contingencies.

/pdf/biomimetic-space-variant-sampling-in-a-vision-prosthesis-1k98z5v9qr.pdf

Biomimetic space-variant sampling in a vision prosthesis improves the user's skill in a localization task.

Velocity and curvature of human movements are linked by a proportionality relationship (power-law) whose origin has been attributed either to functional properties of cortical areas or to peripheral constraints. 3D movements made by apraxic patients show a time-shift between velocity and curvature which has been considered as a disruption of the power-law, supporting the central hypothesis. We analysed the power-law in 2D drawing-like movements in healthy subjects and apraxic patients (correlation and cross-correlation analyses). The power-law remained preserved in apraxic patients, suggesting that the velocity-curvature relationship is not globally disrupted and thus that the power-law cannot be only attributed to central planning mechanisms in those associative brain areas injured in apraxic patients.

http://u864.lyon.inserm.fr/Publications/14561918?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=14561918.pdf

Is the velocity-curvature relationship disrupted in apraxic patients?

We studied the ability of right-handed participants to reach 3D audio targets with their right hand. Our immersive audio environment was based on the OpenAL library and Fastrak magnetic sensors for motion capture. Participants listen the target through a “virtual” listener linked to a sensor fixed either on the head or on the hand. We compare three experimental conditions in which the virtual listener is on the head, on the left hand, and on the right hand (that reach the target). We show that (1) participants are able to learn the task but (2) with a low success rate and high durations, (3) the individual levels of performance are very variable, (4) the best performances are achieved when the listener is on the right hand. Consequently, we concluded that our participants were able to learn to locate 3D audio sources even if their ears are transposed on their hand, but we found of behavioral differences between the three experimental conditions.

/pdf/ears-on-the-hand-reaching-3d-audio-targets-3b87h00mq5.pdf

Ears on the hand: reaching 3D audio targets

The aim of the study reported here was to investigate people's ability to learn a new auditory environment. A specific coding was developed in order to design an auditory version of a vision-based simple video game involving moving objects. We investigated the learning process of participants in this purely auditory game and the influence of the following factors on performance: gender, level of practice in video games and three cognitive abilities, namely, mental rotation, visual attention and spatial perception. The results revealed that occasional and regular players' level of performance significantly improved with practice, whereas those of nonplayers did not. They also revealed a significant influence of gender. Scores in the mental rotation test was found to be correlated only with the final level of performance. This study provides insights into people's ability to learn new ways to perceive and interact with auditory objects in motion and highlights the cognitive abilities that influence this learning. Copyright © 2015John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sylvain Hanneton

Papers

The visual glove

Biomimetic space-variant sampling in a vision prosthesis improves the user's skill in a localization task.

Is the velocity-curvature relationship disrupted in apraxic patients?

Ears on the hand: reaching 3D audio targets

Intermodal recoding of a video game: Learning to process signals for motion perception in a pure auditory environment