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The Uses Of Argument

It is believed that transactions belong to key services of componentbased middleware. However, surprisingly, there is no general agreement on how the component-based middleware support for transactions should look like. In this paper we exploit our experiences with Jironde [4], a flexible framework that extends the Fractal component model [1, 2] with transactions via a set of transactional controllers that manage transactions on behalf of a component. Then we identify several key architectural and technical issues related to enhancing component-based middleware with transactions. We investigate how current technologies address theses issues, and the suitability of current standards to support transaction processing in component-based middleware. 1 Transactions and Components: Architectural Issues Different component models deal with component’s participation in a transaction differently. In the explicit transaction participation, the scenario of involving a component C to a transaction t essentially consists of the three steps as follows: 1) C is registered to t. 2) A client invokes various operations on C. 3) At the time of t’s validation, the transaction manager invokes specific methods of the registered C’s interfaces. These (callback) methods must be implemented by the transactional components. With the implicit transaction participation, components are not obliged to implement any functionality related to transactions. Any time C is visited by a transaction t, the transaction manager of the container keeps all necessary information to manage atomicity, concurrency control, and recovery. Different component standards deal with component participation in transactions differently. CCM use the explicit transaction participation, COM+ uses the implicit one, while EJB mix both. Component-unaware transactions manipulate data without any knowledge on whether they are organized or related to components. For component-aware transactions, components are the data they manipulate with. We believe that all the CCM, EJB, and COM+ transactions are component-unaware. A component is transaction-unaware if its code does not use any transactional primitives and is not therefore in any way dependent on any transactional standard, while a transactionaware component is the opposite. Component’s awareness of transactions reflects the implicit/explicit transaction participation but includes also some hidden expectations of the component design. Transaction-unaware container does not deal with On Enhancing Component-Based Middleware with Transactions 2 transactions, which are managed at the application level instead. Transaction-aware container provides some transaction management features, such as containerdemarcation, transaction propagation, concurrency control, etc. EJB, CCM and COM+ are examples that provide such containers. 2 Transactions and Components: Technical Issues The technical issues related to transactional component include concurrency control, recovery, and transaction context propagation. As for concurrency control, the current technologies either use a simple read/write model or do not allow any concurrent access to component instances at all. It would be beneficial to exploit the concurrency potential of components by e.g. the use of conflict matrixes defined on all the methods of all implemented interfaces. Both concurrency control and recovery of components reflect the architectural patterns presented in the previous section. Another important issue is the transaction context propagation. There are several options of how to specify a transaction propagation policy, as well as whether to define it either during the component’s development or during its deployment. A last issue is to support the definition of new propagation policies, like JOTDF [5] does.

On The Move to meaningful Internet systems 2003 : OTM 2003 Workshops : OTM Confederated International Workshops : HCI-SWWA, IPW, JTRES, WORM, WMS, and WRSM 2003, Catania, Sicily, Italy, November 3-7, 2003 : proceedings

This article presents the first thematic review of the literature on the ethical issues concerning digital well-being. The term ‘digital well-being’ is used to refer to the impact of digital technologies on what it means to live a life that is good for a human being. The review explores the existing literature on the ethics of digital well-being, with the goal of mapping the current debate and identifying open questions for future research. The review identifies major issues related to several key social domains: healthcare, education, governance and social development, and media and entertainment. It also highlights three broader themes: positive computing, personalised human–computer interaction, and autonomy and self-determination. The review argues that three themes will be central to ongoing discussions and research by showing how they can be used to identify open questions related to the ethics of digital well-being.

/pdf/the-ethics-of-digital-well-being-a-thematic-review-1nvretrca2.pdf

The Ethics of Digital Well-Being: A Thematic Review.

Approximate reasoning has been a very important source of motivations for the development of fuzzy sets and possibility theory. It has also been at the origin of some of the most popular applications of fuzzy set theory. This long chapter is an attempt at providing a coherent view of the abundant body of results published in the field. After restating the necessary background, the paper discusses the representation of different kinds of fuzzy statements, and presents the basic machinery for approximate reasoning based on the combination and projection of possibility distributions. Reasoning with fuzzy rules is especially considered. Then specialized forms of approximate reasoning, such as interpolative reasoning, reasoning about preferences, temporal and qualitative reasoning, are surveyed as well as different fuzzy set-based and possibility theory-based models of plausible reasoning, including similarity-based and case-based reasoning, default reasoning, abductive reasoning, and reasoning with fuzzy quantifiers. The connection between approximate reasoning and certainty factor methods for uncertainty handling is also discussed.

Fuzzy Sets and Possibility Theory in Approximate and Plausible Reasoning

Approaches to Legal Ontologies

This paper presents how the Taaable project addresses the textual case-based reasoning challenge of the CCC, thanks to a combination of principles, methods, and technologies of various fields of knowledge-based system technologies, namely CBR, ontology engineering manual and semi-automatic), data and text-mining using textual resources of the Web, text annotation (used as an indexing technique), knowledge representation, and hierarchical classification Indeed, to be able to reason on textual cases, indexing them by a formal representation language using a formal vocabulary has proven to be useful

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00337666/document

TAAABLE: Text Mining, Ontology Engineering, and Hierarchical Classification for Textual Case-Based Cooking

This paper describes the contruction method of a legal application ontology This method is based on the merging of micro-ontologies built from European community directives The terminae construction method from texts enhanced by an alignment process with a core legal ontology is used for building micro-ontologies A merging process allows constructing the legal ontology

TERMINAE method and integration process for legal ontology building

Dans cet article nous nous interrogeons sur la maniere d'outiller la phase de conceptualisation lors de la construction d'une ontologie a partir de textes. La mise en perspective des resultats obtenus a partir de techniques issues de la terminologie et de la fouille de textes est realisee selon trois plans (discours, linguistique et conceptuel). Cette etude permet de mieux apprehender les moyens envisageables pour outiller efficacement et de facon coherente le processus de conceptualisation.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00289613/document

Construction d'ontologies ` a partir de textes : la phase de conceptualisation

In recent years, a large number of connected objects for health and well-being have emerged. The attractiveness of these objects for several categories of people and their decreasing cost make it an interesting opportunity especially in well-being and health applications. Despite the popularity of these objects, many people still have some concerns about their use due to various considerations such as lack of security of the collected data, %the feeling of being watched, lack of personalization, particularly considering preferences, constraints and needs of the user, etc. In this paper we first briefly survey IoT oriented towards health and well-being. Then we highlight in particular some hot-issues regarding personalization. We propose a model for IoT-based intelligent and personalized system for improving sleep quality.

On Personalization in IoT

Background Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide. Mobile health apps could help in preventing cardiovascular diseases by improving modifiable risk factors such as eating habits, physical activity levels, and alcohol or tobacco consumption. Objective The aim of this study was to design a mobile health app, Prevent Connect, and to assess its quality for (1) assessing patient behavior for 4 cardiovascular risk factors (unhealthy eating, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, and tobacco consumption) and (2) suggesting personalized recommendations and mobile health interventions for risky behaviors. Methods The knowledge base of the app is based on French national recommendations for healthy eating, physical activity, and limiting alcohol and tobacco consumption. It contains a list of patient behaviors and related personalized recommendations and digital health interventions. The interface was designed according to usability principles. Its quality was assessed by a panel of 52 users in a 5-step process: completion of the demographic form, visualization of a short presentation of the app, testing of the app, completion of the user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS), and an open group discussion. Results This app assesses patient behaviors through specific questionnaires about 4 risk factors (unhealthy eating, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, and tobacco consumption) and suggests personalized recommendations and digital health interventions for improving behavior. The app was deemed to be of good quality, with a mean uMARS quality score of 4 on a 5-point Likert scale. The functionality and information content of the app were particularly appreciated, with a mean uMARS score above 4. Almost all the study participants appreciated the navigation system and found the app easy to use. More than three-quarters of the study participants found the app content relevant, concise, and comprehensive. The aesthetics and the engagement of the app were also appreciated (uMARS score, 3.7). Overall, 80% (42/52) of the study participants declared that the app helped them to become aware of the importance of addressing health behavior, and 65% (34/52) said that the app helped motivate them to change lifestyle habits. Conclusions The app assessed the risky behaviors of the patients and delivered personalized recommendations and digital health interventions for multiple risk factors. The quality of the app was considered to be good, but the impact of the app on behavior changes is yet to be demonstrated and will be assessed in further studies.

/pdf/encouraging-behavior-changes-and-preventing-cardiovascular-27pn6liu.pdf

Encouraging Behavior Changes and Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases Using the Prevent Connect Mobile Health App: Conception and Evaluation of App Quality

Sylvie Desprès

Papers

TAAABLE: Text Mining, Ontology Engineering, and Hierarchical Classification for Textual Case-Based Cooking

TERMINAE method and integration process for legal ontology building

Construction d'ontologies ` a partir de textes : la phase de conceptualisation

On Personalization in IoT

Encouraging Behavior Changes and Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases Using the Prevent Connect Mobile Health App: Conception and Evaluation of App Quality