Leaf extracts of both Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana sylvestris contain multiple forms of catalase (H2O2:H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) which are separable at different pH values by chromatofocusing columns. Marked changes in distribution of these catalases occur during seedling development and leaf maturation. The form of catalase eluting first (peak 1) was predominant during early seedling growth and present at all stages of development. Two more acidic forms (peaks 2 and 3) appeared later and comprised 29% of the total activity by 11 days postgermination. Mature leaves of N. tabacum contained peak 1 catalase, but peaks 2 and 3 represented 62% of the total activity. No interconversion of peaks 1, 2, and 3 was detected. The three forms of catalase differed in thermal stability with peak 1 > peak 2 ≫ peak 3. For N. sylvestris, t½ at 55°C was 31.5 and 3.0 min for peaks 1 and 3, respectively, and for N. tabacum, t½ was 41.5 and 3.2 min, respectively. All forms of catalase in tobacco show peroxidatic (measured as ethanol to acetaldehyde conversion) as well as catalatic activities. However, for both Nicotiana species the ratio peroxidatic/catalatic activity is at least 30-fold higher in peak 3 than in peaks 1 and 2. Chromatofocusing of extracts from spinach leaves separated at least four peaks of catalase activity, one of which had a 10-fold higher ratio of peroxidatic/catalatic activity than the others. Short-term growth (5 days) of tobacco seedlings under atmospheric conditions suppressing photorespiration (1% CO2/21% O2) reduced total catalase activity and caused a decline in peak 1 catalase and a substantial increase in the activity of peaks 2 and 3 relative to air-grown seedlings at the same stage.

Biochemical and developmental characterization of multiple forms of catalase in tobacco leaves.

The 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolone Hydrazone Test. Sensitive New Methods for the Detection, Rapid Estimation, and Determination of Aliphatic Aldehydes

The chemistry of carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere—A review

A sensitive colour reaction is described for estimating fungi which contain chitin. The method is based on the alkaline deacetylation of chitin to chitosan, the glucosamine residues of which are susceptible to deamination with nitrous acid. This yields an aldehyde which is determined colorimetrically with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone. The observed level of aldehyde, expressed as glucosamine, was related to fungal dry weight by experiments using different fungi grown in vitro. The method, requiring 5 h to complete, has been tested on five phytopathogenic fungi and three hosts, and should be applicable to a wide range of host-pathogen systems.

A rapid method for the chemical estimation of filamentous fungi in plant tissue

This review summarizes direct and indirect analytical methods for the detection and quantification of the reactive oxygen species (ROS): 1O2, O2·−/HOO·, H2O2, HO·, and CO3·− in aqueous solution. Each section briefly describes the chemical properties of a specific ROS followed by a table (organized alphabetically by detection method, i.e., absorbance, chemiluminescence, etc.) summarizing the nature of the observable (associated analytical signal) for each method, limit of detection, application notes, and reaction of the probe molecule with the particular ROS.

Methods for reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection in aqueous environments

Separation and Characterization of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Air-Borne Particulates

Detection of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons and Phenols with Benzal and Piperonal Chlorides

Atomic absorption determination of cadmium and lead in whole blood by a reagent-free method.

Coal-tax-pitch pollution can be characterized by the large amounts of anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and carbazole present in collected airborne particulates. Carbazole has not yet been found in pollution due to incomplete solid fuel combustion products or auto exhaust fumes. Goal-tar-pitch pollution is characterized by much higher P/BaP, BaP/BghiP, and BaP/Cor ratios when compared to other types of pollution. The large amounts of polynuclear hydrocarbons (and especially benzo[a]pyrene) often present in coal-tar-pitch polluted air indicate the necessity of a thorough study of this problem as it affects lung cancer.

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon composition of air polluted by coal-tar pitch fumes.

Spot Test Detection and Spectrophotometric Characterization and Determination of Carbazoles, Azo Dyes, Stilbenes, and Schiff Bases. Application of 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolone Hydrazone, p-Nitrosophenol, and Fluorometric Methods to the Determination of Carbazole in Air

T. R. Hauser

Papers

Separation and Characterization of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Air-Borne Particulates

Detection of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons and Phenols with Benzal and Piperonal Chlorides

Atomic absorption determination of cadmium and lead in whole blood by a reagent-free method.

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon composition of air polluted by coal-tar pitch fumes.

Spot Test Detection and Spectrophotometric Characterization and Determination of Carbazoles, Azo Dyes, Stilbenes, and Schiff Bases. Application of 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolone Hydrazone, p-Nitrosophenol, and Fluorometric Methods to the Determination of Carbazole in Air