Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing the myth of the paperless office as the reading material.

The Myth of the Paperless Office

In the last decade, the research on and the technology for outdoor tracking have seen an explosion of advances. It is expected that in the near future, we will witness similar trends for indoor scenarios where people spend more than 70% of their lives. The rationale for this is that there is a need for reliable and high-definition real-time tracking systems that have the ability to operate in indoor environments, thus complementing those based on satellite technologies, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). The indoor environments are very challenging, and as a result, a large variety of technologies have been proposed for coping with them, but no legacy solution has emerged. This paper presents a survey on indoor wireless tracking of mobile nodes from a signal processing perspective. It can be argued that the indoor tracking problem is more challenging than the problem on indoor localization. The reason is simple: From a set of measurements, one has to estimate not one location but a series of correlated locations of a mobile node. The paper illustrates the theory, the main tools, and the most promising technologies for indoor tracking. New directions of research are also discussed.

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Indoor Tracking: Theory, Methods, and Technologies

Augmented Reality (AR) interfaces have been studied extensively over the last few decades, with a growing number of user-based experiments. In this paper, we systematically review 10 years of the most influential AR user studies, from 2005 to 2014. A total of 291 papers with 369 individual user studies have been reviewed and classified based on their application areas. The primary contribution of the review is to present the broad landscape of user-based AR research, and to provide a high-level view of how that landscape has changed. We summarize the high-level contributions from each category of papers, and present examples of the most influential user studies. We also identify areas where there have been few user studies, and opportunities for future research. Among other things, we find that there is a growing trend toward handheld AR user studies, and that most studies are conducted in laboratory settings and do not involve pilot testing. This research will be useful for AR researchers who want to follow best practices in designing their own AR user studies.

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A Systematic Review of 10 Years of Augmented Reality Usability Studies: 2005 to 2014

The aim of this article is to analyze and review the scientific literature relating to the application of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in industry. AR technology is becoming increasingly diffu...

Augmented reality technology in the manufacturing industry: A review of the last decade

In this paper, a review is presented for the research on eye gaze estimation techniques and applications, which has progressed in diverse ways over the past two decades. Several generic eye gaze use-cases are identified: desktop, TV, head-mounted, automotive, and handheld devices. Analysis of the literature leads to the identification of several platform specific factors that influence gaze tracking accuracy. A key outcome from this review is the realization of a need to develop standardized methodologies for the performance evaluation of gaze tracking systems and achieve consistency in their specification and comparative evaluation. To address this need, the concept of a methodological framework for practical evaluation of different gaze tracking systems is proposed.

A Review and Analysis of Eye-Gaze Estimation Systems, Algorithms and Performance Evaluation Methods in Consumer Platforms

Wearable eye trackers open up a large number of opportunities to cater for the information needs of users in today's dynamic society. Users no longer have to sit in front of a traditional desk-mounted eye tracker to benefit from the direct feedback given by the eye tracker about users' interest. Instead, eye tracking can be used as a ubiquitous interface in a real-world environment to provide users with supporting information that they need. This paper presents a novel application of intelligent interaction with the environment by combining eye tracking technology with real-time object recognition. In this context we present i) algorithms for guiding object recognition by using fixation points ii) algorithms for generating evidence of users' gaze on particular objects iii) building a next generation museum guide called Museum Guide 2.0 as a prototype application of gaze-based information provision in a real-world environment. We performed several experiments to evaluate our gaze-based object recognition methods. Furthermore, we conducted a user study in the context of Museum Guide 2.0 to evaluate the usability of the new gaze-based interface for information provision. These results show that an enormous amount of potential exists for using a wearable eye tracker as a human-environment interface.

https://www.dfki.de/web/forschung/publikationen/renameFileForDownload?filename=Toyama-Gaze-Guided-Object-Recognition-ETRA12.pdf&file_id=uploads_1278

Gaze guided object recognition using a head-mounted eye tracker

In the last few years, the advancement of head mounted display technology and optics has opened up many new possibilities for the field of Augmented Reality. However, many commercial and prototype systems often have a single display modality, fixed field of view, or inflexible form factor. In this paper, we introduce Modular Augmented Reality (ModulAR), a hardware and software framework designed to improve flexibility and hands-free control of video see-through augmented reality displays and augmentative functionality. To accomplish this goal, we introduce the use of integrated eye tracking for on-demand control of vision augmentations such as optical zoom or field of view expansion. Physical modification of the device's configuration can be accomplished on the fly using interchangeable camera-lens modules that provide different types of vision enhancements. We implement and test functionality for several primary configurations using telescopic and fisheye camera-lens systems, though many other customizations are possible. We also implement a number of eye-based interactions in order to engage and control the vision augmentations in real time, and explore different methods for merging streams of augmented vision into the user's normal field of view. In a series of experiments, we conduct an in depth analysis of visual acuity and head and eye movement during search and recognition tasks. Results show that methods with larger field of view that utilize binary on/off and gradual zoom mechanisms outperform snapshot and sub-windowed methods and that type of eye engagement has little effect on performance.

ModulAR: Eye-Controlled Vision Augmentations for Head Mounted Displays

Efficient text recognition has recently been a challenge for augmented reality systems. In this paper, we propose a system with the ability to provide translations to the user in real-time. We use eye gaze for more intuitive and efficient input for ubiquitous text reading and translation in head mounted displays (HMDs). The eyes can be used to indicate regions of interest in text documents and activate optical-character-recognition (OCR) and translation functions. Visual feedback and navigation help in the interaction process, and text snippets with translations from Japanese to English text snippets, are presented in a see-through HMD. We focus on travelers who go to Japan and need to read signs and propose two different gaze gestures for activating the OCR text reading and translation function. We evaluate which type of gesture suits our OCR scenario best. We also show that our gaze-based OCR method on the extracted gaze regions provide faster access times to information than traditional OCR approaches. Other benefits include that visual feedback of the extracted text region can be given in real-time, the Japanese to English translation can be presented in real-time, and the augmentation of the synchronized and calibrated HMD in this mixed reality application are presented at exact locations in the augmented user view to allow for dynamic text translation management in head-up display systems.

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A mixed reality head-mounted text translation system using eye gaze input

Human eye gaze has recently been used as an effective input interface for wearable displays. In this paper, we propose a gaze-based interaction framework for optical see-through displays. The proposed system can automatically judge whether a user is engaged with virtual content in the display or focused on the real environment and can determine his or her cognitive state. With these analytic capacities, we implement several proactive system functions including adaptive brightness, scrolling, messaging, notification, and highlighting, which would otherwise require manual interaction. The goal is to manage the relationship between virtual and real, creating a more cohesive and seamless experience for the user. We conduct user experiments including attention engagement and cognitive state analysis, such as reading detection and gaze position estimation in a wearable display towards the design of augmented reality text display applications. The results from the experiments show robustness of the attention engagement and cognitive state analysis methods. A majority of the experiment participants (8/12) stated the proactive system functions are beneficial.

Attention Engagement and Cognitive State Analysis for Augmented Reality Text Display Functions

We present a new system that assists people's reading activity by combining a wearable eye tracker, a see-through head mounted display, and an image based document retrieval engine. An image based document retrieval engine is used for identification of the reading document, whereas an eye tracker is used to detect which part of the document the reader is currently reading. The reader can refer to the glossary of the latest viewed key word by looking at the see-through head mounted display. This novel document reading assist application, which is the integration of a document retrieval system into an everyday reading scenario for the first time, enriches people's reading life. In this paper, we i) investigate the performance of the state-of-the-art image based document retrieval method using a wearable camera, ii) propose a method for identification of the word the reader is attendant, and iii) conduct pilot studies for evaluation of the system in this reading context. The results show the potential of a document retrieval system in combination with a gaze based user-oriented system.

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Takumi Toyama

Papers

Gaze guided object recognition using a head-mounted eye tracker

ModulAR: Eye-Controlled Vision Augmentations for Head Mounted Displays

A mixed reality head-mounted text translation system using eye gaze input

Attention Engagement and Cognitive State Analysis for Augmented Reality Text Display Functions

Wearable Reading Assist System: Augmented Reality Document Combining Document Retrieval and Eye Tracking