Platinum-based nanostructured materials: synthesis, properties, and applications.

Power consumption is forecast by the International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductors (ITRS) to pose long-term technical challenges for the semiconductor industry. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to provide an overview of strategies for powering MEMS via non-regenerative and regenerative power supplies; (2) to review the fundamentals of piezoelectric energy harvesting, along with recent advancements, and (3) to discuss future trends and applications for piezoelectric energy harvesting technology. The paper concludes with a discussion of research needs that are critical for the enhancement of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.

/pdf/powering-mems-portable-devices-a-review-of-non-regenerative-30r5zxggdp.pdf

Powering MEMS portable devices—a review of non-regenerative and regenerative power supply systems with special emphasis on piezoelectric energy harvesting systems

3D interdigitated microbattery architectures (3D-IMA) are fabricated by printing concentrated lithium oxide-based inks. The microbatteries are composed of interdigitated, high-aspect ratio cathode and anode structures. Our 3D-IMA, which exhibit high areal energy and power densities, may find potential application in autonomously powered microdevices.

/pdf/3d-printing-of-interdigitated-li-ion-microbattery-46scfc9uap.pdf

3D Printing of Interdigitated Li‐Ion Microbattery Architectures

Rapid charge and discharge rates have become an important feature of electrical energy storage devices, but cause dramatic reductions in the energy that can be stored or delivered by most rechargeable batteries (their energy capacity). Supercapacitors do not suffer from this problem, but are restricted to much lower stored energy per mass (energy density) than batteries. A storage technology that combines the rate performance of supercapacitors with the energy density of batteries would significantly advance portable and distributed power technology. Here, we demonstrate very large battery charge and discharge rates with minimal capacity loss by using cathodes made from a self-assembled three-dimensional bicontinuous nanoarchitecture consisting of an electrolytically active material sandwiched between rapid ion and electron transport pathways. Rates of up to 400C and 1,000C for lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride chemistries, respectively, are achieved (where a 1C rate represents a one-hour complete charge or discharge), enabling fabrication of a lithium-ion battery that can be 90% charged in 2 minutes.

/pdf/three-dimensional-bicontinuous-ultrafast-charge-and-1f8fm5262p.pdf

Three-dimensional bicontinuous ultrafast-charge and -discharge bulk battery electrodes

Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Particle Size, Shape, and Composition Manipulation and Their Impact to Activity Yan-Jie Wang,†,‡ Nana Zhao,‡ Baizeng Fang,† Hui Li,* Xiaotao T. Bi,*,† and Haijiang Wang* †Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z3 ‡Vancouver International Clean-Tech Research Institute Inc., 4475 Wayburne Drive, Burnaby, Canada V5G 4X4 Electrochemical Materials, Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1W5

/pdf/carbon-supported-pt-based-alloy-electrocatalysts-for-the-2c1brn5o9r.pdf

Carbon-Supported Pt-Based Alloy Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Particle Size, Shape, and Composition Manipulation and Their Impact to Activity

Autonomous MEMS require similarly miniaturized power sources. In this paper, we present the first working three-dimensional (3-D) rechargeable Li-ion thin-film microbattery technology that is compatible with MEMS requirements. The technology has been developed, and full 3-D cells have been manufactured on both glass and silicon substrates. Our 3-D microbatteries have a sandwich-like structure of conformal thin-film electrodes, electrolyte and current collectors. The films are deposited sequentially on all available surfaces of a perforated substrate (e.g., silicon or a glass microchannel plate or "MCP") using wet chemistry. The substrate has thousands of high-aspect ratio holes per square cm, thereby providing more than an order of magnitude increase in surface area per given footprint (original 2-D substrate area). The full 3-D cell consists of a Ni cathode current collector, a MoO/sub y/S/sub z/ cathode, a hybrid polymer electrolyte (HPE) and a lithiated graphite anode that also serves as anode current collector. One 3-D cell with a roughly 1-/spl mu/m-thick cathode ran at C/10 to 2C charge/discharge rates and room temperature for 200 cycles with 0.2% per cycle capacity loss and about 100% Faradaic efficiency. The cell exhibited a capacity of 2 mAh/cm/sup 2/, about 30times higher than the capacity of a similarly built planar (2-D) cell with the same footprint and same cathode thickness.

Three-dimensional thin-film Li-ion microbatteries for autonomous MEMS

Pt-, PtNi- and PtCo-supported catalysts for oxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells

https://psec.uchicago.edu/Papers/Advanced_materials_for_the_3D_microbattery.pdf

Advanced materials for the 3D microbattery

An electrical energy storage device (20, 70) includes a substrate (22), which is formed so as to define a multiplicity of micro-containers separated by electrically-insulating and ion-conducting walls (32). A first plurality of anodes (A) is disposed in a first subset (24) of the micro-containers, and a second plurality of cathodes (C) is disposed in a second subset (26) of the micro-containers. The anodes and cathodes are arranged in an interlaced pattern.

3-d microbatteries based on interlaced micro-container structures

An electrical energy storage device (10) includes a substrate (20) having an outer surface and having a plurality of cavities (22) communicating with the outer surface. The cavities have interior cavity surfaces. A first electrode layer (24) is deposited at least over the interior cavity surfaces. An electrolyte separator layer (28) is formed over the first electrode layer so as to fill the cavities and to extend over the outer surface of the planar substrate. A second electrode layer (30) is formed over the electrolyte separator layer on the outer surface of the planar substrate.

Tania Ripenbein

Papers

Three-dimensional thin-film Li-ion microbatteries for autonomous MEMS

Pt-, PtNi- and PtCo-supported catalysts for oxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells

Advanced materials for the 3D microbattery

3-d microbatteries based on interlaced micro-container structures

Three-dimensional microbattery