Nanotechnology in concrete – A review

Recent genomic studies have resulted in an emerging understanding of the role of chromatin regulators in the development of cancer. EZH2, a histone methyl transferase subunit of a Polycomb repressor complex, is recurrently mutated in several forms of cancer and is highly expressed in numerous others. Notably, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations occur in cancers but are associated with distinct cancer types. Here we review the spectrum of EZH2-associated mutations, discuss the mechanisms underlying EZH2 function, and synthesize a unifying perspective that the promotion of cancer arises from disruption of the role of EZH2 as a master regulator of transcription. We further discuss EZH2 inhibitors that are now showing early signs of promise in clinical trials and also additional strategies to combat roles of EZH2 in cancer.

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Targeting EZH2 in cancer

For the past 30 years, improvements in the survival of patients with osteosarcoma have been mostly incremental. Despite evidence of genomic instability and a high frequency of chromothripsis and kataegis, osteosarcomas carry few recurrent targetable mutations, and trials of targeted agents have been generally disappointing. Bone has a highly specialized immune environment and many immune signalling pathways are important in bone homeostasis. The success of the innate immune stimulant mifamurtide in the adjuvant treatment of non-metastatic osteosarcoma suggests that newer immune-based treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, may substantially improve disease outcome.

Translational biology of osteosarcoma

Technical and commercial progress in the adoption of geopolymer cement

Clinicopathologic correlates of solitary fibrous tumors.

Preliminary study on the water permeability and microstructure of concrete incorporating nano-SiO2

Aims The aims of this retrospective study were to report the feasibility
of using 3D-printing technology for patients with a pelvic tumour
who underwent reconstruction. Patients and Methods A total of 35 patients underwent resection of a pelvic tumour
and reconstruction using 3D-printed endoprostheses between September
2013 and December 2015. According to Enneking’s classification of
bone defects, there were three Type I lesions, 12 Type II+III lesions,
five Type I+II lesions, two Type I+II+III lesions, ten type I+II+IV
lesions and three type I+II+III+IV lesions. A total of three patients
underwent reconstruction using an iliac prosthesis, 12 using a standard
hemipelvic prosthesis and 20 using a screw-rod connected hemipelvic
prosthesis. Results All patients had an en bloc resection. Margins
were wide in 15 patients, marginal in 14 and intralesional in six.
After a mean follow-up of 20.5 months (6 to 30), 25 patients survived
without evidence of disease, five were alive with disease and five
had died from metastatic disease. Complications included seven patients with delayed wound healing
and two with a dislocation of the hip. None had a deep infection.
For the 30 surviving patients, the mean Musculoskeletal Society
93 score was 22.7 (20 to 25) for patients with an iliac prosthesis,
19.8 (15 to 26) for those with a standard prosthesis, and 17.7 (9
to 25) for those with a screw-rod connected prosthesis. Conclusion The application of 3D-printing technology can facilitate the
precise matching and osseointegration between implants and the host
bone. We found that the use of 3D-printed pelvic prostheses for
reconstruction of the bony defect after resection of a pelvic tumour
was safe, without additional complications, and gave good short-term functional
results. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:267–75.

Reconstruction with 3D-printed pelvic endoprostheses after resection of a pelvic tumour.

A concrete mix proportion design algorithm based on artificial neural networks

Effect of the combination of fly ash and silica fume on water resistance of Magnesium–Potassium Phosphate Cement

Periacetabular resections for primary bone sarcoma and metastatic disease require reconstruction to restore weight-bearing along anatomic axes. We designed a modular hemipelvic prosthetic system to reconstruct the pelvis and evaluated the early clinical outcome of the prosthesis using 3-year survival rate, local recurrence rate, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 function score, and complications. We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients who had pelvic tumor resections and reconstructions using the new hemipelvic prostheses between 2001 and 2005. Sixteen (57.1%) patients had Types II and III (periacetabular and pubis) pelvic resections, seven had Types I and II (periacetabular and ilium) pelvic resections, and five had Type II (periacetabular) pelvic resection. Six patients with osteosarcoma had chemotherapy. None received radiation therapy. Patient survival status, function, and complications were evaluated at a mean followup of 30 months (range, 10-59 months). Fifteen patients were free of disease, eight patients died of disease, and five patients were alive with disease. The overall survival rate was 67.1% at 3 years. Twenty-five percent had local recurrence and 21% had metastasis. The mean MSTS 93 score was 60. Deep infection occurred in four patients; dislocation occurred in one patient. The results are encouraging because of the acceptable complication rate and satisfactory functional outcome.

Tao Ji

Papers

Preliminary study on the water permeability and microstructure of concrete incorporating nano-SiO2

Reconstruction with 3D-printed pelvic endoprostheses after resection of a pelvic tumour.

A concrete mix proportion design algorithm based on artificial neural networks

Effect of the combination of fly ash and silica fume on water resistance of Magnesium–Potassium Phosphate Cement

Reconstruction with modular hemipelvic prostheses for periacetabular tumor.