BACKGROUND: Determining and restoring physiological vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is the critical step during complete mouth rehabilitation. The improper VDO compromises the aesthetics, phonetics and functional efficiency of the prosthesis.Â  Various methods are suggested to determine the accurate VDO, including the facial measurements in the clinical situations with no pre-extraction records. The generalisation of correlation between the facial measurements to VDO is criticised due to gender dimorphism and racial differences. Hence, it is prudent to verify the hypothesis of facial proportion and correlation of lower third of the face to remaining craniofacial measurements in different ethnic groups. The objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation of craniofacial measurements and OVD in the Saudi-Arabian ethnic group.METHODOLOGY: Total of 228 participants from Saudi-Arabian Ethnic group were randomly recruited in this cross-sectional study. Fifteen craniofacial measurements were recorded with modified digital Vernier callipers, and OVD was recorded at centric occlusion. The obtained data were analysed by using the Spearmanâ€™s correlation and linear regression analysis.RESULTS: The Mean OVD in male participants was higher (69.25 Â± 5.54) in comparison to female participants (57.41 Â± 5.32).Â  The craniofacial measurement of Exocanthion-right labial commissure and the Mesial wall of the right external auditory canal-orbitale lateral had a strong positive correlation with VDO. The strong correlation was recorded with a trichion-upper border of right eyebrow line and trichion-Nasion only in males. Meanwhile, the length of an auricle recorded the positive correlation in female participants.CONCLUSIONS: Being simple and non-invasive technique, craniofacial measurements and linear equations could be routinely utilised to determine VDO.

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An Anthropometric Study of Cranio-Facial Measurements and Their Correlation with Vertical Dimension of Occlusion among Saudi Arabian Subpopulations

The aim of this study was to develop a novel hydroxyapatite (HA) coating method on zirconia using glass coating technique. A borosilicate glass, the mixture of the glass and HA (30, 50, 70, and 90 mass%), and the 100% HA were coated on two kinds of zirconia discs and fired at 900-950°C. After the final coating, the surface of the sample was etched for 3 min in an acid-mixture of 3% HF and 5%HNO3 to remove the surface layer covered with glass and to obtain the biocompatible surface layer with HA. The shear bonding strength of the glass to zirconia fired at 950 and 1050°C were determined. There were no significant difference in the bonding strengths between the kind of zirconia (p>0.05). Whereas, the bonding strengths fired at 1050°C were significantly higher than those at 950°C (p<0.05). These results suggest that the HA containing glass-coated zirconia, namely functionally gradient structure, could be systematically produced using the glass coating technique and the acid etching.

Hydroxyapatite coating on zirconia using glass coating technique( Ceramics for Biomedical Applications in Asian Countries)

Objectives: Measuring the Vertical Dimension (VD) and Inter-Occlusal-Distance (IOD) is necessary for fabrication of fixed or removable prostheses. Generally, IOD is considered as 2 to 4 mm in the first-premolars-region of all patients which is questionable. Because IOD may be different in Angle class I, II, and III. The objective of current research was to examine IOD in different-occlusion-classes in Iranian population. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional-research was carried out on 124 students of different faculties of Tehran University (N=124).74 of them were Class I, 25 were Class II, and 25 were Class III. 62 male and 62 female students were included in the study. The selected students seated on a dental unit in vertical position without headrest and asked to look forward. Vertical Dimension of Occlusion (VDO) and Vertical Dimension of Rest Position (VDR) were measured using three different methods (swallowing, phonetics, and tactile sense). The difference between VDO and VDR was recorded as IOD of that technique. In order to determine the VD, Nasion and Menton distance was measured using a digital caliper. For determining the ClosestSpeaking-Space (CSS), the students were asked to pronounce a hissing-sound-letter. Then the incisal edges of the maxillary central teeth were marked on the labial surfaces of the mandibular-central-teeth during pronouncing these letters. Another mark was drawn in Maximum-Inter-Cuspal-Position (MIC). The difference between these two marks were calculated as CSS. Results: The means of IODs in the students with Angle’s occlusion of class I, II, and III were 2.61, 2.52 and 2.40 mm, respectively. The means of CSS in the students with Angle’s occlusion of class I, II, and III were 2.42,3.28 and 1.02 mm, respectively. There were not any significant differences between different occlusion classes in IODs. But, there were statistical differences between them in CSSs. There was not any significant relationship between age and gender of the students and IOD and CSS. Conclusions: According to the current study, IOD values in a specific occlusion with each of three methods were significantly different.CSS values in people with different occlusion classes were significantly different. There was no significant relationship between the age and gender of the studied people. IOD and CSS values in the age range of the investigated people had no statistical differences.

comparative evaluation of the inter occlusaldistance and closest speaking space in different angles occlusion classes

Implant therapy is popular in dental practice. However, prosthetic complications in implant-supported prostheses are common. Although most of the problems can be prevented by careful case selection and treatment planning, failures do occur and their management can sometimes be very demanding. This article discusses the common prosthodontic problems encountered during and after implant therapy. Special emphasis is placed on how to avoid and solve the late mechanical complications of implant-supported prostheses.

Prosthodontic complications in dental implant therapy.

1. Using this book 2. Implants: an introduction 3. General treatment decisions 4. Gathering information and treatment planning 5. Basic implant surgery 6. The edentulous patient 7. The partially dentate patient 8. Single tooth implants 9. Other applications 10. Problems 11. Index

Introducing dental implants

Introduction: Tooth restoration and implant-supported was one of the methods to overcome the free end cases. Abutment and implant are two components that are fused together by a screw. Therefore, the main problem to solve are loosened screw and implant or abutment fracture because of increasing unpredictable potential force on the implant, abutment, and screw. The purpose of this research was to describe the distribution stress between the connection of the body of implant and abutment on the submerged and non-submerged design of the implant supported bridge. Method: The submerged and non-submerged design implant have been analyzed using the Finite Element Method under lateral and vertical static load for 180 N. The numeric model for lower jaw posterior segmented bone was determined by computed tomography, and the load measurement was performed to observe the distribution at the connection between the body of implant and the abutment of the implant supported bridge submerge and non-submerged design. Result s : At the lateral load, the distribution strength value was 1.562x10 7 Pa, whilst for the non-submerged was 9.63x10 7 Pa. At the vertical load, the distribution strength value was 1.038x10 7 Pa, whilst for the non-submerged was 3.342x10 7 Pa. At the load of 180 N towards the vertical and lateral on the supported implant bridge, the distribution strength value had a smaller scale compared to the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), which was 1040 MPa (1.04 x 10 9 Pa). Conclusion: Both of the design including the secondary component (abutment) was safe to used as the supporting implant bridge.

Stress distribution analysis on the one-stage non-submerged and two-stage submerged system implant supported bridge

Introduction: Among the most complex restorative challenges for a dentist is that related to determine the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). Objective methods of determining the OVD offers significant advantages because no radiographs or other special measuring devices are required. Previous review said that the OVD is similar to the pupil-rima oris distance among the population of India. The purpose of this study was to compare whether there was differences between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance among Sundanese population. Method: This study was an analytical cross sectional approach. A total of fifty Sundanese students of Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran who have fulfilled all criteria were chosen randomly to be measured the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance. Result: Results showed that there was no significant difference between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance (α=5%). There were strong correlations between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance (p<0.05). An analysed with Spearman’s rank correlation statistic (α=5%) reveals that there was a significant difference between males and females in the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance. Conclusion : Based on the analysed data, we can conclude that there wass no significant difference between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance, thus, the pupil-rima oris distance can be suggested as an objective method to determine the length of OVD in Sundanese population.

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Correlation between the occlusal vertical dimension and the pupil rima oris distance among Sundanese population

In order to gain acceleration of the osseointegration process after implant placement, micro retention using inorganic elements such as Hydroxyapatite (HA) were commonly used as a coating material in dental implant. Meanwhile, another inorganic material such as Carbonate Apatite (CO3Ap) has been known as bone substitute for decades. The purpose of this study is to investigate the flexural strength of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (Y-TZP) as dental implant material after being coated with CO3Ap. Ten specimens of Y-TZP were divided into two groups. The first group was coated with CO3Ap while other groups without coatings were used as the control. Biaxial flexural strength was determined using piston on three balls-technique and data were evaluated by statistical analysis. The specimens surface were analyzed through images taken by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). As the result, this study showed that there was no statistically significant found between the group with coating and the control group (p>0.05). The biaxial flexural strength’s mean of the group with coating and control were 212.80 MPa and 209.35 MPa; while micro Vickers hardness’ means were 229.56 HV and 245.40 HV. It can be concluded that there was no difference in the mean flexural strength between Y-TZP before and after coating.

The Flexural Strength of Y-TZP Coated with Carbonate Apatite for Dental Implant Material

Physiologically, the human teeth must fit into the jaw relationship harmony, not vice versa. In order to produce full dentures that fit into the harmony of the jaw, the denture teeth arrangement should be made according to the balanced occlusion principle. One of the most important factors in the principle is condylar angle adjustment. Objectives: To compare the condylar angle average values between the complete dentulous and totally edentulous subjects in Deutero-Malay. Methods: This was a descriptive comparative clinical research, that involved 16 complete dentulous Deutero-Malay dental students and 14 totally edentulous Deutero-Malay patients at Oral and Dental Hospital of Faculty of Dentistry Padjadjaran University who fullfilled the inclusion criteria. The condylar angle value measurement was done with protrusive record method using the fully-adjustable arcon type articulator. Results: The average value of the complete dentulous Deutero Malays’ condylar angles was 38.0±8.5° and the average value of the totally edentulous Deutero-Malay’ was 30.7±14.6°. Statistically, there was a significant difference between the condylar angle’s average value of the complete dentulous and the totally edentulous in the Deutero-Malay. Conclusion: There was a condylar angle decrease on complete edentulous subjects compared to the fully dentulous subjects in Deutero-Malay.

http://www.jdentistry.ui.ac.id/index.php/JDI/article/download/139/128

Condylar Angle Differences between Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects in Deutero-Malay

Abstract. Various bioactive calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) have been widely studied due to their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity when implanted into bone defects. CO3Ap has the ability to adapt bone structure and induce bone regeneration; so that it can be categorized as resorbable bioactive materials. CO3Ap induced much stronger response such as cell adhesion and actin ring formation to osteoclast-like cells rather than HA. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactivity on zirconia (Y-TZP) coated with CO3Ap using simulated body fluid (SBF). Twenty Y-TZP ZrO2 disks with a 12-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness were employed as the samples. The disks were divided into two groups which the control group without CO3Ap coating and tested group with CO3Ap coating. Disks samples are dipped into CO3Ap suspension for one minute and stored in 37°C incubator for 24 hours. The disks were soaked in SBF for 1, 4, and 7 day(s) at 36.5°C. The obtained apatite crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the apatite formation on the tested group was greater than the control group. The EDS pattern showed the presence of Ca and P on the control and tested group after SBF soaking, which indicate the apatite deposition on the disks’ surface. However, the Ca and P on the tested group was higher compared to the control group. The formation of apatite layer on the disks’ surface is bioactivity indicator of CO3Ap.

Taufik Sumarsongko

Papers

Stress distribution analysis on the one-stage non-submerged and two-stage submerged system implant supported bridge

Correlation between the occlusal vertical dimension and the pupil rima oris distance among Sundanese population

The Flexural Strength of Y-TZP Coated with Carbonate Apatite for Dental Implant Material

Condylar Angle Differences between Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects in Deutero-Malay

Apatite Formation on Zirconia (Y-TZP) Coated with Carbonate Apatite in Simulated Body Fluid