Positive ions that are available in soils absorb on grain surfaces. The total sum of cations that can be absorbed bij a soil/sediment at a certain PH is defined by the cation-exchange capacity (CEC, in meq g-1: mol equivalents per gram). The uptake of cations is an important parameter in agriculture and the larger the CEC, the more cations can be absorbed to the soil. The CEC depends highly on the pH of soil and sediments, where the CEC decreases with decreasing PH (increasing acidity). The exchange of ions on sediments occurs commonly fast on geological time scales, but the kinetics of adsorption in natural environments is still poorly understood. The strength of the bonding between the cations and the sediments varies from weak Van der Waals bondings (physical adsorption) to strong chemical bonds. The CEC is widely used for agricultural assessment because it is a measure of general soil fertility as well as an indicator of structural stability because CED is capabel of enhancing development of shrinkage cracks. The list below shows the CEC for different types of minerals. The data indicate that the CEC can vary over 2 orders of magnitude for various types of , minerals and can vary one order of magnitude within one soil type. Cation exchange capacity for different types of sediment (Eisma, 1992; Locher and de Bakker, 1990):

Cation exchange capacity.

As soil acidity is a recurring constraint for Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) yield and the application method can interfere with the liming efficiency, a field experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of broadcast- and band-applied limestone rates on amelioration of soil profile chemical characteristics and coffee nutrition, growth, and yield. The experiment took place from 2015 to 2020 on a sandy clay loam Acrisol (20% clay at 0–0.2-m depth) of southeastern Brazil. It was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised two limestone rates (2100 and 4200 kg ha−1), both uniformly broadcast-applied all over the area or applied as a surface band under the canopy projection of the plants, and an unamended control. Liming efficiently improved soil chemical attributes up to the depth of 0.1–0.2 m, but only slightly affected the 0.2–0.4-m layer. Band-applied limestone was more efficient in reducing the acidity and increasing the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the soil beneath the plant canopy, while greater effects between the rows were obtained with the broadcast application. When band-applied, limestone rates higher than those currently recommended did not cause an excessive increase in soil pH or micronutrient deficiency in coffee trees and increased bean yield by 42% (589 kg ha−1). Concentrated (band) application of limestone was more efficient than its broadcast application to ameliorate the soil acidity in depth and over time beneath the plant canopy, as well as to increase plant growth and coffee yield.

Liming Method and Rate Effects on Soil Acidity and Arabica Coffee Nutrition, Growth, and Yield

Nursery experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center, southwestern Ethiopia, to investigate dry matter production and its partitioning into above and below ground parts of Arabica coffee seedlings under different lime and P mineral fertilizer rates and establish optimum combination of these agricultural inputs that produce seedlings with better dry matter yield for field planting. Six lime rates [0, 2.31, 4.62, 6.93, 9.24 and 11.55 g/2.5 kg soil (pot)] and four P rates (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg P/ pot) were factorially combined and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the main effect of lime and P mineral fertilizer significantly (P < 0.01) affect stem, leaf, root and total dry matter production and shoot to root ratio of coffee seedlings. The highest dry matter and shoot to root ratio was recorded from seedlings treated with 2.31 g lime and 750 mg P/pot. Similarly, the interaction of lime and P significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) affect the above mentioned agronomic parameters, except shoot to root ratio. The highest and insignificant dry matter recorded from seedlings treated with a combination of 0 g lime and 750 mg P/pot and 2.31 g lime and 250 mg P/pot. Thus, it is concluded that vigorous coffee seedlings with high dry matter content for field transplanting can be produced by applying P at a rate of 750 mg P/pot or by applying a combination of 2.31 g lime and 250 mg P/pot. But, further investigations should be continued under field conditions to evaluate growth and yield response of coffee trees and row and cup quality of green beans to varying levels of lime and P mineral fertilizer and establish economically profitable levels of these agricultural inputs for sustainable coffee production in the country by taking into account coffee cultivars, seasonal growth and fruiting pattern, management practices and climatic conditions. Keywords: Acid soil, Arabica coffee, dry matter partitioning, dry matter production, lime, P mineral fertilizer

/pdf/dry-matter-production-and-partitioning-in-arabica-coffee-522rosgz23.pdf

Dry Matter Production and Partitioning in Arabica Coffee Seedling as Affected by Lime and Phosphorus Mineral Fertilizer at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia

Soil acidity is one of chemical soil degradation problems which affect productivity of the soil in Ethiopian highlands. The purpose of this research was to identify the status of soil acidity and determine the amount of lime requirement for neutralization to increase plant nutrient availability in Welmera woreda, Oromia region. More specifically the study pointed out statistically, the nutrient availability before and after liming acidic soil using paired t-test. The results indicated that the soil of study area was strongly acidic (pH < 5.3) and exchangeable acidity was from 2.86±0.01 - 3.55±0.07 cmol/Kg. The soil showed low concentration of plant nutrients (AP, TN, K, Ca, Mg) and high in micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) contents. After 90 days liming in greenhouse incubation of the soils, the results showed effective neutralization of the soil, which indicated it was properly limed and the effects of soil acidity on nutrient availability was clearly observed. The concentration of all anions (AP, TN, and OC), cations (Na + , K + , Ca +2 and Mg +2 ) and micronutrients were found to be significantly different except TN and OC, between the soil samples for before and after liming. After limed acidic soils, anion and cations are improved their availability for plant while micronutrients are decreased from toxicity to normal condition. Keywords : Acidity, Incubation, Liming, Lime Materials, Soil pH

https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CMR/article/download/38809/39906

Effects of Liming on Physicochemical Properties and Nutrient Availability of Acidic Soils in Welmera Woreda, Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Accelerated composting of coffee processing byproducts: an organic option for soil fertility management in the coffee based cropping system of Southwestern Ethiopia.

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of lime, coffee husk compost and their combinations on growth response of coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) seedlings at Haru Research Sub-Center nursery site in West Ethiopia in 2016/17. The experiment was laid out in a factorial experiment arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments included four levels of lime (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/2.5k g soil (pot)) and coffee husk compost (0, 6.25, 12.5 and 18.75 g/2.5 kg soil (pot)). The relevant shoot and root growth parameters data were collected and subjected to Analysis of Variance using SAS package and treatment means were compared at 0.05 probability using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results revealed that lime and coffee husk compost rates significantly (p ≤ 0.01) affected the shoot and root growth of coffee seedlings. The highest growth performance of coffee seedlings (plant height, stem girth, leaf number and area, tap and lateral root length, lateral root number, root volume, stem, leaf and root dry matter) were obtained from the application of 18.75 g/pot coffee husk compost and combined lime and coffee husk compost at the modest levels of 4g/pot lime and 12.5 g/pot coffee husk compost with a non-significant variation. From the study, it can be concluded that application of 18.75 g/pot coffee husk compost or combining 12.5 g/pot of coffee husk compost and 4 g/pot of agricultural lime could be a promising alternative amendment for acid soil management and production of vigorous coffee seedlings in Haru areas. But, further investigations should be continued under field conditions across locations and seasons to evaluate the effects of liming and coffee husk composts in ameliorating soil acidity, and improving growth, yield and quality of coffee varieties and establish their profitable levels for sustainable soil fertility management and production of Wollega coffee in west Ethiopia.

https://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/article/download/722/pdf

Effects of lime and coffee husk compost on growth of coffee seedlings on acidic soil of Haru in Western Ethiopia

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the major cash crops which were widely grown in west, south and south west parts of Ethiopia. There is wider genetic diversity in the country but the average clean coffee production is very low 0.7 ton/ha compared with other coffee producing countries. The low production was arises from erroneous management of the plant during the initial stage of establishment by using of improper nursery growing media and other field managements. The research was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center nursery site in lata house to evaluate the effects of lime on the availability of phosphorus fertilizer and nutrient uptakes of coffee seedlings. The treatments consists five lime rates (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g) 2.5 kg-1 and four phosphorus mineral fertilizer rates (0, 400, 600 and 800 mg) 2.5 kg-1 of soil. The experiment was arranged in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were taken before planting and after harvesting. Representative leaf samples were taken and both soil and leaf samples were analyzed. The result reviled that applications of 10g lime and 800 mg P rates improves the soil parameters and nutrient uptake of coffee seedlings under nursery conditions.

/pdf/effects-of-lime-on-phosphorus-availability-and-nutrient-3c9tuc4i3u.pdf

Taye Kufa

Papers

Effects of lime and coffee husk compost on growth of coffee seedlings on acidic soil of Haru in Western Ethiopia

Effects of Lime on Phosphorus Availability and Nutrient Uptake of Hybrid Coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) Seedlings Under Acidic Nursery Soil