A document localization, management and delivery system in a computer environment. A preferred embodiment of the invention automatically determines the language and country of a Web site visitor and directs the Web server to deliver the appropriate localized content contained in a country/language database to the visitor's browser. The visitor's browser is notified of the proper font and content encoding needed to display the selected language and is allowed to download the font. A toolkit is provided which allows a master site to be built that is language and country-independent. The actual language and country content is placed in a language/country database where it is easily managed and maintained. When a visitor enters the site, the requested document is automatically served in the visitor's language and for the visitor's country by filling in a document template from the master site with the correct language content from the language/country database. A viewer allows the developer to view and debug the document template as it appears to a visitor in any of the available language content from the language/country database.

Multilingual electronic document translation, management, and delivery system

A translation management system in a computer environment. A preferred embodiment of the invention automatically detects when a document, data stream, or non-text file in the master language has been updated and notifies the user which corresponding documents, data streams, or non-text files in the other languages require translation which are then staged and dynamically routed and sequenced to individual translation resources where the actual translation is performed. Management status, reporting, scheduling, and accounting information is sent to the user as the translation process ensues. The user is notified of the completion of translation and the invention coordinates the delivery of the translated documents, data streams, or non-text files back to the user's site for installation and optional review. The invention makes a variety of translation resources instantly available to the user which include both automated translation tools as well as human translators. The translation resources are connected to the invention using a flexible architecture that can be deployed on intranets as well as the Internet.

Translation management system

Interfaces to databases have traditionally been designed as single-user systems that hide other users and their activity. This paper aims to show that collaboration is an important aspect of searching online information retrieval (IR) systems that requires explicit computerised support. A number of systems offering varied approaches to supporting collaboration are surveyed and a structure for analysing the various aspects of collaboration is applied. The dominant form of collaboration in digital libraries is likely to be remote and asynchronous. Collaborative work in the digital library requires that both the search product and the search process can be captured and communicated. The ARIADNE system is introduced as an example of computerised support for collaboration between browsers.

Browsing is a collaborative process

Upon receipt of a document request, a client assistant examines its cache for the document. If not successful, a server searches for the requested document in its cache. If the server copy is still not fresh or not found, the server seeks the document from its host. If the host cannot provide the copy, the server seeks it from a document repository. Certain documents are identified from the document repository as being fresh or stable. Information about each these identified documents is transmitted to the server which inserts entries into an index if the index does not already contain an entry for the document. If and when this particular document is requested, the document will not be present in the server, however the server will contain an entry directing the server to obtain the document from the document repository rather than the document's web host.

System and method of accessing a document efficiently through multi-tier web caching

A method for transferring information between a server (24) and a client (28), through a converter (22), comprising: analyzing at least a portion of the information by the converter (22), to determine a standard used by the server (24) to encode the information in the portion; and replacing at least a portion of the analyzed information with other information, which other information uses a second standard, wherein analyzing comprises parsing the information on a syntactic level and wherein the information comprises at least one Internet hypertext document.

Automatic conversion system

Since a library is inherently multi-lingual, a multi-linguid document environment is crucial for a digital library. In the near future, worldwide information sharing through digital libraries will be common. Currently, multi-lingual documents are poorly facilitated on computers and the Internet. It is impractical to consider installing fonts for all character sets in every user’s terminal. This paper presents a multilingual document browsing tool for a user with no multilingual fonts on his or her terminal. It discusses several methods for browsing multi-linguaJ documents and proposes a browser which sends a text string with the font glyphs required to display the text. It also gives the evaluation result of the browser.

A browsing tool of multi-lingual documents for users without multi-lingual fonts

national network, and a multilingual browser is an essential tool for international access to and sharing of global information. The Web has expanded very rapidly worldwide. We can easily access a document from a foreign site using an off-the-shelf browser. However, that browser is usually capable of showing only documents written in English and a local language, not those written in other languages. The principal problem preventing users from browsing documents written in a foreign A new technology allows users to browse multilingual documents on the Internet. language is the lack of both a font for the language and a display function to process multiple character codes. We developed a technology called MHTML to browse multilingual documents on an off-the-shelf Web browser, and applied the technology to a multilingual gateway service to browse foreign documents and to a multilingual electronic text collection of Japanese folk tales [2, 3, 4]. MHTML technology is composed of three elements: The MHTML document object is a package containing a source text string and the minimum set of glyphs required to display the text. An HTML text specified by a URL in an applet tag to invoke the MHTML viewer is converted into an MHTML document object on the fly and sent to the viewer by an MHTML server. (A glyph of a character is a graphical entity used to display or print the character. A minimum set of glyphs for a text is a set of glyphs for all of the distinct characters that appear in the text.) The MHTML viewer, implemented as a Java applet, displays an MHTML document object on a Web browser using only the glyphs enclosed in the object. The MHTML server, with the viewer applet and a font bank, converts an HTML document into MHTML using the glyphs defined in the font bank. The four major advantages of MHTML technology begin with its simple user environment where the user installs only a Java-enabled browser. Secondly, the number of distinct characters used in a source text is much smaller than the total number of characters of the text. We found the ratio between the length of an MTHML document object and its source text was approximately 2:1 to 3:1 in the case of scientific articles written in Japanese. (The source Japanese character is encoded in two bytes. The font glyph is the bitmap data of a character, and its size …

Viewing multilingual documents on your local Web browser

A robust, point to point, nonlinear controller for positioning systems is proposed In the continuous domain the robustness is achieved through the use of a switching controller To avoid chattering the switching had to be reduced as the controller was transformed into the discrete domain The controller is designed to minimise the effect of stiction near the reference point This is achieved by forcing the states to follow a parabolic trajectory as they approach the set point Such a surface can be followed exactly in the continuous domain In discrete time however the extent to which the states can be forced to follow a parabolic surface depends on the sampling time and the severity of the parameter uncertainties The relationship between these variables is provided Both the continuous and the discrete time controllers are simulated on a second order positioning system with stiction A second order filter is also added to the simulation model in order to approximate the dynamics of the driver Due to robustness, changes in inertia by as much as 200% result in minimal performance degradation The controller in its discrete form is also applied to a single axis robot arm driven by NSK direct drive motor

Robust Nonlinear Control of Positioning Systems with Stiction

The Internet has a lot of rich information resources available in different languages aside from English, the major language of use Those resources are, however, not easy to access because of language barriers This paper proposes a collaborative model to develop a multilingual subject gateway, which is called the Internet Public Library Asia (IPL-Asia) It describes how IPL-Asia was conceived and developed, and some lessons learned from the experience

IPL-Asia is a subject gateway which collects high quality Internet resources expressed in Chinese, Japanese, Korean languages, and provides information about those resources in those three languages and English This paper shows the metadata schema and an implementation of IPL-Asia The schema is defined based on Dublin Core and IEEE LOM with some extensions for multilingual description Criteria for selecting quality resources on the Internet were also defined A metadata record is collaboratively described in multiple languages by catalogers whose mother languages are different A metadata record is encoded in XML Metadata records are stored and displayed using XML technologies, eg, XSLT and XML database This system provides user interfaces in multiple languages

http://dcpapers.dublincore.org/pubs/article/download/734/730

A subject gateway in multiple languages: a prototype development and lessons learned

Enhancing Usability of Network-based Library Information System - Experimental Studies on User Interface for OPAC and of a Collaboration Tool for Library Services.

Tetsuo Sakaguchi

Papers

A browsing tool of multi-lingual documents for users without multi-lingual fonts

Viewing multilingual documents on your local Web browser

Robust Nonlinear Control of Positioning Systems with Stiction

A subject gateway in multiple languages: a prototype development and lessons learned

Enhancing Usability of Network-based Library Information System - Experimental Studies on User Interface for OPAC and of a Collaboration Tool for Library Services.