Showing papers by "Theodore S. Rappaport published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this paper , a sliding-correlation-based channel sounder with steerable directional horn antennas with 27 dBi gain and 8 degree-half-power beamwidth at 82 transmitter-receiver (TX-RX) locations across four factories in the New York City area and over distances from 5 m to 85 m in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) environments was performed in four factories with various layouts and facilities to explore sub-THz wireless channels for smart factories in 6G and beyond.
Abstract: This paper presents sub-Terahertz (THz) radio propagation measurements at 142 GHz conducted in four factories with various layouts and facilities to explore sub-THz wireless channels for smart factories in 6G and beyond. Here we study spatial and temporal channel responses at 82 transmitter-receiver (TX-RX) locations across four factories in the New York City area and over distances from 5 m to 85 m in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) environments. The measurements were performed with a sliding-correlation-based channel sounder with 1 GHz RF bandwidth with steerable directional horn antennas with 27 dBi gain and 8\degree~half-power beamwidth at both TX and RX, using both vertical and horizontal antenna polarizations, yielding over 75,000 directional power delay profiles. Channel measurements of two RX heights at 1.5 m (high) emulating handheld devices and at 0.5 m (low) emulating automated guided vehicles (AGVs) were conducted for automated industrial scenarios with various clutter densities. Results yield the first path loss models for indoor factory (InF) environments at 142 GHz and show the low RX height experiences a mean path loss increase of 10.7 dB and 6.0 dB when compared with the high RX height at LOS and NLOS locations, respectively. Furthermore, flat and rotatable metal plates were leveraged as passive reflecting surfaces (PRSs) in channel enhancement measurements to explore the potential power gain on sub-THz propagation channels, demonstrating a range from 0.5 to 22 dB improvement with a mean of 6.5 dB in omnidirectional channel gain as compared to when no PRSs are present.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a 3D mmWave and sub-THz ray tracer is introduced, which is calibrated to wireless channel propagation measurements conducted at 28, 73, and 140 GHz, in indoor office, outdoor and factory environments.
Abstract: Ray tracing is a powerful tool that can be used to predict wireless channel characteristics, reducing the need for extensive channel measurements for channel characterization, evaluation of performance of sensing applications such as position location, and wireless network deployment. In this work, NYURay, a 3D mmWave and sub-THz ray tracer, is introduced, which is calibrated to wireless channel propagation measurements conducted at 28, 73, and 140 GHz, in indoor office, outdoor, and factory environments. We present an accurate yet low-complexity calibration procedure to obtain electrical properties of materials in any environment by modeling the reflection coefficient of building materials to be independent of the angle of incidence, a simplification shown to be quite effective in [1] over 30 years ago. We show that after calibration, NYURay can accurately predict individual directional multipath signal power. The standard deviation in the error of the directional multipath power predicted by the ray tracer compared to the directional measured power was less than 3 dB in indoor office environments and less than 2 dB in outdoor and factory environments.
1 citations
02 May 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a detailed implementation of the drop-based NYU channel model (NYUSIM) for the frequency range of 0.5-100 GHz for the UMi, UMa, RMa, InH, and InF scenarios.
Abstract: The next generation of wireless networks will use sub-THz frequencies alongside mmWave frequencies to enable multi-Gbps and low latency applications. To enable different verticals and use cases, engineers must take a holistic approach to build, analyze, and study different parts of the network and the interplay among the lower and higher layers of the protocol stack. It is of paramount importance to accurately characterize the radio propagation in diverse scenarios such as urban microcell (UMi), urban macrocell (UMa), rural macrocell (RMa), indoor hotspot (InH), and indoor factory (InF) for a wide range of frequencies. The 3GPP statistical channel model (SCM) is oversimplified and restricted to the frequency range of 0.5-100 GHz. Thus, to overcome these limitations, this paper presents a detailed implementation of the drop-based NYU channel model (NYUSIM) for the frequency range of 0.5–150 GHz for the UMi, UMa, RMa, InH, and InF scenarios. NYUSIM allows researchers to design and evaluate new algorithms and protocols for future sub-THz wireless networks in ns-3.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a full stack end-to-end performance analysis in ns-3 using drop-based NYU channel model and 3GPP statistical channel model (SCM) in scenarios, namely, urban microcell (UMi), urban macrocell(UMa), rural macrocell (RMa), and indoor hotspot (InH) at 28 GHz with 100 MHz bandwidth.
Abstract: Accurate channel modeling and simulation tools are vital for studying sub-THz and millimeter (mmWave) wideband communication system performance. To accurately design future high data rate, low latency wireless modems, the entire protocol stack must be appropriately modeled to understand how the physical layer impacts the end-to-end performance experienced by the end user. This paper presents a full stack end-to-end performance analysis in ns-3 using drop-based NYU channel model (NYUSIM) and 3GPP statistical channel model (SCM) in scenarios, namely urban microcell (UMi), urban macrocell (UMa), rural macrocell (RMa), and indoor hotspot (InH) at 28 GHz with 100 MHz bandwidth. Video data is transmitted at 50 Mbps using User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and we observe that the RMa channel is benign in non-line of sight (NLOS) for NYUSIM and 3GPP SCM as it exhibits no packet drops and yields maximum throughput (48.1 Mbps) and latency of $\sim$ 20 ms. In NLOS, for NYUSIM, the UMa and RMa channels are similar in terms of throughput and packet drops, and the latency in UMi and InH scenarios is 10 times and 25 times higher respectively compared to UMa. Our results indicate that mmWave bands can support data rates of 50 Mbps with negligible packet drops and latency below 150 ms in all scenarios using NYUSIM.
TL;DR: In this paper , a sliding-correlation-based channel sounder with steerable directional horn antennas with 27 dBi gain and 8° half-power beamwidth at 82 transmitter-receiver (TX-RX) locations across four factories in the New York City area and over distances from 5 m to 85 m in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) environments.
Abstract: This paper presents sub-Terahertz (THz) radio propagation measurements at 142 GHz conducted in four factories with various layouts and facilities to explore sub-THz wireless channels for smart factories in 6G and beyond. Here we study spatial and temporal channel responses at 82 transmitter-receiver (TX-RX) locations across four factories in the New York City area and over distances from 5 m to 85 m in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) environments. The measurements were performed with a sliding-correlation-based channel sounder with 1 GHz RF bandwidth with steerable directional horn antennas with 27 dBi gain and 8° half-power beamwidth at both TX and RX, using both vertical and horizontal antenna polarizations, yielding over 75,000 directional power delay profiles. Channel measurements of two RX heights at 1.5 m (high) emulating handheld devices and at 0.5 m (low) emulating automated guided vehicles (AGVs) were conducted for automated industrial scenarios with various clutter densities. Results yield the first path loss models for indoor factory (InF) environments at 142 GHz and show the low RX height experiences a mean path loss increase of 10.7 dB and 6.0 dB when compared with the high RX height at LOS and NLOS locations, respectively. Furthermore, flat and rotatable metal plates were leveraged as passive reflecting surfaces (PRSs) in channel enhancement measurements to explore the potential power gain on sub-THz propagation channels, demonstrating a range from 0.5 to 22 dB improvement with a mean of 6.5 dB in omnidirectional channel gain as compared to when no PRSs are present.