The knowledge on forest patches in rural properties allows the application of a correct environmental administration, promoting their conservation and restoration in degraded areas. By using the softwares SPRING and FRAGSTATS, the landscape was characterized with emphasis on the patches of secondary Seasonal Semidecidual Forest, located in the municipal district of Carandai, MG, and the area around it, considering its evolution from the period of 1984 to 2007. It could be concluded that progressive increase in the total area of native forest occurred due to the appearance of new patches, and the individual area of each patch presented reduction tendency, what provided increase of the edge area, reducing the percentage of each patch which is the core area during the gap of the evaluated time. Despite the advantage of predominance of patches in simple geometric ways, with reduction of the edge effect, the quality of the landscape got threatened because it was predominantly constituted by small patches. The forest patches were still so distant one from the others (more than 200 meters), presenting small gathering tendency (result of the increase of the number of patches), however, still insufficient. Therefore, although the covering of native forest has presented increase of total area, in general, it lost in quality in the gap of the time considered.

/pdf/analise-da-dinamica-de-fragmentos-florestais-no-municipio-de-lmv7dhhbh8.pdf

Análise da dinâmica de fragmentos florestais no município de carandaí, mg, para fins de restauração florestal

The rapid expansion of rubber tree plantations in recent decades has been accompanied by dramatic negative ecological and social impacts. Rubber sector stakeholders consequently engaged in sustainable production of rubber. Despite the lack of harvest during the immature stage following planting, this period plays a key role in future yields. Management practices, particularly fertilization regimes, are used by farmers to shorten the immature period as much as possible. This entails maintaining or even improving the productivity of existing plantations to face the demand for natural rubber. This review focuses specifically on the immature period of rubber tree plantations, as it is the most critical period for nutrient management. We reviewed available knowledge on fertilization practices, soil management, and nutrient dynamics in rubber plantations with the goal of developing a nutrient balance approach for this crop. Our review revealed (1) a notable difference between fertilizer recommendations made by technical institutes and those reported in the scientific literature; (2) that even though nutrient diagnostic methods could help growers adapt the fertilization of rubber trees more than 3 years of age, further studies are needed to adapt current methods to the wide range of cultivation areas; and (3) that the nutrient budget approach may be the best way to incorporate the variety of rubber tree cultivation conditions. In conclusion, the nutrient budget method is a promising way to improve the sustainability of rubber plantations through fertilization making it possible to increase nutrient use efficiency. A comprehensive approach based on nutrient budgets requires further in-depth studies to examine nutrient dynamics in a wide range of conditions, including intercropping and logging residue management between clearcutting and replanting.

/pdf/nutrient-management-of-immature-rubber-plantations-a-review-2ymaerc56b.pdf

Nutrient management of immature rubber plantations. A review

The creation of protected areas is not always determined by technical and/or environmental criteria, thereby undermining their effectiveness in protecting local biodiversity. The aim of this study was to check the potentiality of the protected area named Monumento Natural Grota do Angico, in the state of Sergipe, for aspects of landscape and to point possible threats, in order to support conservation strategies for maintaining biodiversity in this protected area. A protocol for the evaluation of priority fragments for conservation has been adapted. The indicators were derived from studies carried out on site and a survey of invasive alien plant species conducted in an area of 251 ha. Then, the circularity index was calculated for the Monument. The values obtained by the protocol were considered typical for areas with low risks to conservation. The landscape structure of the MONA Grota do Angico proved to be unsatisfactory for the maintenance of a large species diversity, being small as compared to other areas and elongated, showing a circularity index of only 0.17 (on scale of 0 to 1). However, the preserve protects part of the Sao Francisco River Valley and connects with two local protected areas that are part of an important regional ecological corridor. Some threats found, such as wildfires, deforestation, invasive alien species and cattle, demand monitoring. We conclude that in general the MONA Grota do Angico shows conditions to house considerable biodiversity, since threats are monitored and managed.

https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/bitstream/riufs/1515/1/AspectosEcologiaPaisagem.pdf

Aspectos de ecologia de paisagem e ameaças à biodiversidade em uma unidade de conservação na Caatinga, em Sergipe

Este estudo objetivou analisar a importância das Areas de Preservacao Permanente (APP) para a manutencao dos remanescentes florestais no municipio de Sorocaba, SP. O mapa desses remanescentes foi elaborado com base em fotografias aereas de 2006, e mapas de hidrografia e de declividade foram usados para determinacao das APP. Compararam-se dois cenarios: real (mata atual) e ideal (mata atual acrescida da restauracao das APP), com base em metricas da paisagem. Os resultados indicaram que 19% do municipio se enquadra como APP e, dessa area, apenas 45% possui cobertura florestal. As APP preservadas representam 50% do total de cobertura florestal da paisagem. A restauracao das APP representaria aumento de 16,68% para 28% de cobertura florestal da paisagem e possibilitaria o surgimento de fragmentos maiores que 3.000 ha, enquanto no cenario real os maiores fragmentos atingem 300 ha. Os remanescentes florestais se apresentaram intimamente ligados as APP: margens de rios, areas alagaveis e encostas, onde a ocupacao urbana foi dificultada e existe o instrumento legal de protecao. Esse quadro evidencia que as APP possuem papel fundamental na conservacao florestal em um municipio bastante urbanizado, onde as areas naturais sofrem muita pressao. A avaliacao dos cenarios mostrou que a incorporacao dos dispositivos legais no planejamento e ordenamento territorial subsidia as estrategias voltadas para a manutencao de habitats naturais e, consequentemente, a diminuicao dos efeitos negativos sobre a biodiversidade. Entretanto, as mudancas recentes no Codigo Florestal podem representar um retrocesso no cenario ambiental nacional diante da crescente urbanizacao.

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Cenários ambientais para o ordenamento territorial de áreas de preservação permanente no município de sorocaba, sp

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma analise espaco-temporal da cobertura vegetal e do uso da terra na Interbacia do Rio Paraguai Medio-MT, Brasil, pelo geoprocessamento de imagens Landsat TM, dos anos 1991, 2001 e 2011. As imagens foram georreferenciadas, classificadas e processadas no software Spring e as classes tematicas, quantificadas e editadas no software ArcGis. Foram mapeadas sete classes, sendo as mais expressivas a vegetacao nativa, a pastagem e a cana-de-acucar. Os resultados indicaram alteracoes em todas as classes durante os ultimos 20 anos, com a diminuicao de 22,89% da vegetacao nativa, relacionada com o aumento de 58,42% da pastagem e 490,26% de monocultura de cana-de-acucar. Foi verificado o conflito de uso da terra, principalmente em areas de mata ciliar, fato que pode influenciar negativamente na conservacao da interbacia e, consequentemente, do pantanal mato-grossense.

/pdf/analise-espaco-temporal-da-cobertura-vegetal-e-uso-da-terra-4h9nma51d6.pdf

Análise espaço-temporal da cobertura vegetal e uso da terra na Interbacia do Rio Paraguai Médio-MT, Brasil

RESUMO ‐ Este estudo foi conduzido no Municipio de Jaboticabal, SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a evolucao temporal e o numero de fragmentos florestais no periodo de 29 anos, utilizando-se tecnicas de sensoriamento remoto e fotointerpretacao. Para a elaboracao dos mapas foram utilizadas Cartas do IBGE de 1971 e fotografias areas de 2000. Os resultados apontaram diminuicao das areas de floresta. Em 1971, o municipio apresentava 3,63% da area total com fragmentos florestais, e em 2000 observou-se, apenas, 1,55% dessa area. Tal fato ocorreu tendo em vista o avanco de praticas agricolas com predominância da cultura de cana-de-acucar . A porcentagem de fragmentos florestais em 1971, com areas menores que 10 ha, era de 46,72%, ja em 2000 esse numero passou para 78,51%, concluindo-se um processo de fragmentacao acentuado (31,79%) no periodo analisado. Os fragmentos florestais com maior extensao em 1971 se apresentaram extremamente fragmentados em 2000. Aproximadamente 60% dos fragmentos, nas duas epocas, apresentavam forma alongada, indicando alta relacao perimetro/area. Palavras-chave: Fragmentos florestais, mapeamento e sensoriamento remoto. EVALUATION OF FOREST FRAGMENT IN JABOTICABAL-S .P.

/pdf/avaliacao-dos-fragmentos-florestais-do-municipio-de-1lyuj03v93.pdf

Avaliação dos fragmentos florestais do município de Jaboticabal-SP

A B S T R A C T The decomposition of soil litter contributes to maintaining agricultural sustainability, since the nutrients released by microbial activity are determinants of the net productivity of the agroecosystem. The decomposition of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis [Willd. ex A. Juss.] Mull. Arg.) leaves located on the surface and buried in at 10 cm depth in Forest and Savannah (Cerradao) soils (Oxisols) was studied, with emphasis on the production of CO 2 and the monthly variation of the remaining amounts of litter mass, soluble substances, cellulose and lignin. To evaluate CO 2 production, H. brasiliensis leaves were incubated for 30 days in soils from the 0-2 cm and 10-12 cm layers. CO 2 production increased in the 0-2 cm layer in comparison to the 1012 cm layer. Litter mass and soluble substance loss was of 62 and 72% at the end of nine months of incubation, and of 38 and 65%, respectively, in the first three months, being greater in the deeper (7174%) than in surface layer (48-55%). Forest soil stimulated more litter mass loss and cellulose decomposition (only in the surface layer) than Savannah soil. The cellulose (25%) content decreased and lignin (30%) increased in the initial months of incubation, however, at the end of the period of this study the same content (29%) was found.

/pdf/decomposition-of-the-rubber-tree-hevea-brasiliensis-litter-2f85donh8s.pdf

DECOMPOSITION OF THE RUBBER TREE Hevea brasiliensis LITTER AT TWO DEPTHS

The effects of the monthly variation of the climate and the soil depth (0 - 2 cm and 10 -12 cm) were evaluated on the microbial enzymatic activities from two forest fragments located in Jaboticabal, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in which the covering vegetation was of the Forest and Savannah types and the soil chemical compositions were different. While the dehydrogenase activity did not vary significantly (p>0.05) during the period from October of 2004 to June of 2005, the amylase activity decreased of 96% and the celulase of 91%. This reduction of the activity may be attributed to the litter removal and to the consequent decrease of nutrients in the soil. The activity of these enzymes decreased from the 0 - 2 cm soil layer to the 10 -12 cm. This is supposed to be due to the soil organic matter and fertility decrease. Organic matter and soil moisture contents ranged from 8 to 9% and from 5 to 15% in the Savannah soil and from 6 to 7% and from 18 to 27% in the Forest soil. Soil temperatures oscillated from 19.4

http://www.cientifica.org.br/index.php/cientifica/article/viewFile/197/118

Thiago Claudino Gréggio

Papers

Avaliação dos fragmentos florestais do município de Jaboticabal-SP

DECOMPOSITION OF THE RUBBER TREE Hevea brasiliensis LITTER AT TWO DEPTHS

Enzymatic activity of the soil under two forest fragments from Brazil.