Thomas F. Kraemer

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented radium activity data for waters co-produced with oil and gas in New York and Pennsylvania from publicly available sources and together with new data for six wells, including one time series.

TL;DR: In this paper, geochemical and isotopic analyses of produced water for 3 time-series and 13 grab samples from Marcellus Shale gas wells in southwest and north central Pennsylvania (PA) were used to address the origin of the water and solutes produced over the long term (>12 months).

TL;DR: Results from laboratory and field tracer tests show solute nonequilibrium for a reacting ion consistent with a model of diffusion into, and exchange within, grain interiors, indicating that a diffusion expression needs to be included in transport codes, particularly for simulation of the transport of radioactive and toxic wastes.

TL;DR: A total of 1270 raw-water samples were collected from 15 principal and other major aquifer systems (PAs) used for drinking water in 45 states in all major physiographic provinces of the USA and analyzed for concentrations of the Ra isotopes 224 Ra, 226 Ra and 228 Ra establishing the framework for evaluating Ra occurrence as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, a strong positive correlation has been found between formation-water salinity and Ra activity, resulting from the interaction of formation water with aquifer matrix, and the process of transferring Ra from matrix to formation water are chemical leaching and alpha-particle recoil.