Anion recognition chemistry has grown from its beginnings in the late 1960s with positively charged ammonium cryptand receptors for halide binding to, at the end of the millennium, a plethora of charged and neutral, cyclic and acyclic, inorganic and organic supramolecular host systems for the selective complexation, detection, and separation of anionic guest species. Solvation effects and pH values have been shown to play crucial roles in the overall anion recognition process. More recent developments include exciting advances in anion-templated syntheses and directed self-assembly, ion-pair recognition, and the function of anions in supramolecular catalysis.

Anion Recognition and Sensing: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives

III. Foldamer Research 3910 A. Overview 3910 B. Motivation 3910 C. Methods 3910 D. General Scope 3912 IV. Peptidomimetic Foldamers 3912 A. The R-Peptide Family 3913 1. Peptoids 3913 2. N,N-Linked Oligoureas 3914 3. Oligopyrrolinones 3915 4. Oxazolidin-2-ones 3916 5. Azatides and Azapeptides 3916 B. The â-Peptide Family 3917 1. â-Peptide Foldamers 3917 2. R-Aminoxy Acids 3937 3. Sulfur-Containing â-Peptide Analogues 3937 4. Hydrazino Peptides 3938 C. The γ-Peptide Family 3938 1. γ-Peptide Foldamers 3938 2. Other Members of the γ-Peptide Family 3941 D. The δ-Peptide Family 3941 1. Alkene-Based δ-Amino Acids 3941 2. Carbopeptoids 3941 V. Single-Stranded Abiotic Foldamers 3944 A. Overview 3944 B. Backbones Utilizing Bipyridine Segments 3944 1. Pyridine−Pyrimidines 3944 2. Pyridine−Pyrimidines with Hydrazal Linkers 3945

A field guide to foldamers.

Supramolecular chemistry has expanded dramatically in recent years both in terms of potential applications and in its relevance to analogous biological systems. The formation and function of supramolecular complexes occur through a multiplicity of often difficult to differentiate noncovalent forces. The aim of this Review is to describe the crucial interaction mechanisms in context, and thus classify the entire subject. In most cases, organic host-guest complexes have been selected as examples, but biologically relevant problems are also considered. An understanding and quantification of intermolecular interactions is of importance both for the rational planning of new supramolecular systems, including intelligent materials, as well as for developing new biologically active agents.

Binding Mechanisms in Supramolecular Complexes

Albert Isidro-Llobet, Mercedes Alvarez,* and Fernando Albericio* Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Received April 28, 2008

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Amino Acid-Protecting Groups

Noncovalent binding between guanidinium and anionic groups: focus on biological- and synthetic-based arginine/guanidinium interactions with phosph[on]ate and sulf[on]ate residues.

Serine derived oxazolidines as secondary structure disrupting, solubilizing building-blocks in peptide-synthesis

Recognition and Stabilization of an α-Helical Peptide by a Synthetic Receptor

Phthalazine PDE IV inhibitors: conformational study of some 6-methoxy-1,4-disubstituted derivatives.

Compounds of formula (I) wherein Z, A, R, R1, R2, R3 have the meanings defined in the specification, the N-oxidized derivatives of the compounds of formula (I), the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and the use thereof as phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory pathologies, such as, for example, ARDS, COPD, asthma and allergic rhinitis are described.

4-substituted 7-alkoxy-2-aminosulfonyl-1,2-dihydro-phtalazin derivatives as phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of allergies and inflammations

A process for the production of a solid dispersant for a hydraulically binding composition includes the steps of: providing at least one first polymer, which is a comb polymer having a polymer backbone comprising carboxyl groups; providing at least one second polymer, which is a condensate of, at least, an aromatic compound and formaldehyde; or a lignosulfonate; preparing an aqueous solution comprising the first and the second polymer; and spray-drying the aqueous solution to obtain the solid dispersant.

Thomas Haack

Papers

Serine derived oxazolidines as secondary structure disrupting, solubilizing building-blocks in peptide-synthesis

Recognition and Stabilization of an α-Helical Peptide by a Synthetic Receptor

Phthalazine PDE IV inhibitors: conformational study of some 6-methoxy-1,4-disubstituted derivatives.

4-substituted 7-alkoxy-2-aminosulfonyl-1,2-dihydro-phtalazin derivatives as phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of allergies and inflammations

Process for drying concrete dispersants