Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

https://www.boerenlandvogels.nl/sites/default/files/Final%20version%20of%20TAP%20review.pdf

Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives.

https://www.gmoseralini.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Gasnieral.TOX_2009.pdf

Glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines.

The micronucleus (MN) assay in exfoliated buccal cells is a useful and minimally invasive method for monitoring genetic damage in humans. This overview has concluded that although MN assay in buccal cells has been used since the 1980s to demonstrate cytogenetic effects of environmental and occupational exposures, lifestyle factors, dietary deficiencies, and different diseases, important knowledge gaps remain about the characteristics of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities, the basic biology explaining the appearance of various cell types in buccal mucosa samples and effects of diverse staining procedures and scoring criteria in laboratories around the world. To address these uncertainties, the human micronucleus project (HUMN; see http://www.humn.org) has initiated a new international validation project for the buccal cell MN assay similar to that previously performed using human lymphocytes. Future research should explore sources of variability in the assay (e.g. between laboratories and scorers, as well as inter- and intra-individual differences in subjects), and resolve key technical issues, such as the method of buccal cell staining, optimal criteria for classification of normal and degenerated cells and for scoring micronuclei and other abnormalities. The harmonization and standardization of the buccal MN assay will allow more reliable comparison of the data among human populations and laboratories, evaluation of the assay's performance, and consolidation of its world-wide use for biomonitoring of DNA damage.

The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: The HUMN project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps

Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are esters formed between caffeic and quinic acids, and represent an abundant group of plant polyphenols present in the human diet. CGAs have different subgroups that include caffeoylquinic, p-coumaroylquinic, and feruloyquinic acids. Results of epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of beverages such as coffee, tea, wine, different herbal infusions, and also some fruit juices is linked to reduced risks of developing different chronic diseases. These beverages contain CGAs present in different concentrations and isomeric mixtures. The underlying mechanism(s) for specific health benefits attributed to CGAs involves mitigating oxidative stress, and hence the related adverse effects associated with an unbalanced intracellular redox state. There is also evidence to show that CGAs exhibit anti-inflammatory activities by modulating a number of important metabolic pathways. This review will focus on three specific aspects of the relevance of CGAs in coffee beverages; namely: (1) the relative composition of different CGA isomers present in coffee beverages; (2) analysis of in vitro and in vivo evidence that CGAs and individual isomers can mitigate oxidative and inflammatory stresses; and (3) description of the molecular mechanisms that have a key role in the cell signaling activity that underlines important functions.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/1/16/pdf

Role of Chlorogenic Acids in Controlling Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress Conditions

Glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum weed control agent In the present study, an in vivo study on the genotoxic effects of a technical herbicide (Roundup) containing isopropylamine salt of glyphosate was carried out on freshwater goldfish Carassius auratus The fish were exposed to three doses of glyphosate formulation (5, 10 and 15 ppm) Cyclophosphamide at a single dose of 5 mg/l was used as positive control Analysis of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities and DNA damage were performed on peripheral erythrocytes sampled at intervals of 48, 96 and 144 h posttreatment Our results revealed significant dose-dependent increases in the frequencies of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities as well as DNA strand breaks Our findings also confirmed that the alkaline comet assay and nuclear deformations in addition to micronucleus test on fish erythrocytes in vivo are useful tools in determining the potential genotoxicity of commercial herbicides

/pdf/detection-of-cytogenetic-and-dna-damage-in-peripheral-4ev92fc2e1.pdf

Detection of cytogenetic and DNA damage in peripheral erythrocytes of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to a glyphosate formulation using the micronucleus test and the comet assay

Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in Oreochromis niloticus following exposure to petroleum refinery and chromium processing plant effluents.

Induction of micronuclei and binuclei in blood, gill and liver cells of fishes subchronically exposed to cadmium chloride and copper sulphate.

In this study, cyto-genotoxic effects of a textile mill effluent on fish Oreochromis niloticus were investigated using the micronucleus (MN) test and methods to analyze interphase silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). Fishes were exposed to three different concentrations of textile mill effluent (5, 10 and 20% (v/v)) for 3, 6 and 9 days. Cyclophosphamide (2 mg/l) was used as a positive control. Micronucleus frequencies were examined in peripheral blood erythrocytes and gill cells. Nuclear abnormalities (NA) other than micronuclei such as binuclei, lobed nuclei, blebbed nuclei and notched nuclei were also evaluated in peripheral erythrocytes. Interphase AgNOR parameters were examined in epithelial cells obtained from the edge of caudal fins after 90 and 180 min of exposure. As a result, dose-dependent increases in the frequencies of micronuclei and other NA in erythrocytes were observed. MN frequencies in gill cells also significantly increased, while the interphase AgNOR parameters in fin cells decreased, as a result of textile effluent and cylophosphamide treatments.

Micronuclei, nuclear lesions and interphase silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) as cyto-genotoxicity indicators in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to textile mill effluent

To evaluate the use of native fish species for assessing genotoxic pollution in the marine environment, micronucleus (MN) analysis was performed in peripheral blood erythrocytes and gill cells of the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) from three sampling stations off the southeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The frequencies of blebbed, notched, and lobed nuclei and binucleated cells also were evaluated in peripheral erythrocytes. The sampling sites were chosen on the basis of pollution levels; Karaduvar harbor, contaminated by different types of industrial effluents, and Mersin harbor, mainly contaminated by aromatic hydrocarbons, were selected as polluted areas. Erdemli harbor, a relatively unpolluted site, was used as the control area. Sampling was carried out at four different seasons. The frequencies of both micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in mullets captured from polluted areas were significantly higher than those in mullets from the reference area. In general, gill cells had considerably higher MN frequencies than did erythrocytes, and genotoxic responses were higher in summer than in winter. The results of this study indicate that the MN test in fish is a suitable biomarker for in situ monitoring of genotoxic pollution in the marine environment. As demonstrated in this study, NAs other than micronuclei are also useful indices of chemical exposure and toxic responses. Therefore, measuring both micronuclei and NAs may increase the sensitivity of the test system.

Tolga Çavaş

Papers

Detection of cytogenetic and DNA damage in peripheral erythrocytes of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to a glyphosate formulation using the micronucleus test and the comet assay

Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in Oreochromis niloticus following exposure to petroleum refinery and chromium processing plant effluents.

Induction of micronuclei and binuclei in blood, gill and liver cells of fishes subchronically exposed to cadmium chloride and copper sulphate.

Micronuclei, nuclear lesions and interphase silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) as cyto-genotoxicity indicators in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to textile mill effluent

Micronucleus test in fish cells: a bioassay for in situ monitoring of genotoxic pollution in the marine environment.