Hydrogen sulfide removal is a long-standing economic and environmental challenge faced by the oil and gas industries. H2S separation processes using reactive and non-reactive absorption and adsorption, membranes, and cryogenic distillation are reviewed. A detailed discussion is presented on new developments in adsorbents, such as ionic liquids, metal oxides, metals, metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, carbon-based materials, and composite materials; and membrane technologies for H2S removal. This Review attempts to exhaustively compile the existing literature on sour gas sweetening and to identify promising areas for future developments in the field.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00768

Hydrogen Sulfide Capture: From Absorption in Polar Liquids to Oxide, Zeolite, and Metal-Organic Framework Adsorbents and Membranes.

In bed and downstream hot gas desulphurization during solid fuel gasification: A review

We present a theoretical characterization, based on density functional theory, of the indium tin oxide surface and of the nature of the binding sites that determine the adsorption of phosphonic acid monolayers. The validity of our theoretical description is assessed by comparing our first-principles results to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data.

Theoretical Characterization of the Indium Tin Oxide Surface and of Its Binding Sites for Adsorption of Phosphonic Acid Monolayers

Polycrystalline In2O3 thin films have been synthesized by a modified chemical vapor deposition process using the pyrolysis of an aerosol generated by ultrahigh frequency spraying of a volatile precursor solution. The deposition has been carried out on glass substrates (350–550 °C). X-Ray diffraction has shown that deposited films are polycrystalline without second phases. The morphology of the surface as function of the substrate temperature has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (LEO Stereoscan 440). Transmission and reflection spectra of the sprayed films were examined in the 260–2600 nm spectral range and, for investigated films, the transmission coefficient in the visible and infrared regions exceed 85% and is weakly affected by deposition temperature. The optical band gap values, Eg, ranged between 3.57 and 3.68 eV. The Urbach tail parameter E0, was calculated for films deposited at different temperatures.

Structural and optical properties of indium oxide thin films prepared by an ultrasonic spray CVD process

The separation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from gas streams has significant economic and environmental repercussions for the oil and gas industries. The present work reviews H2S separation via nonreactive and reactive adsorption from various industrial gases, focusing on the most commonly used materials i.e., natural or synthetic zeolites, activated carbons, and metal oxides. In respect to cation-exchanged zeolites, attention should also be paid to parameters such as structural and performance regenerability, low adsorption temperatures, and thermal conductivities, in order to create more efficient materials in terms of H2S adsorption. Although in the literature it is reported that activated carbons can generally achieve higher adsorption capacities than zeolites and metal oxides, they exhibit poor regeneration potential. Future work should mainly focus on finding the optimum temperature, solvent concentration, and regeneration time in order to increase regeneration efficiency. Metal oxides have also been extensively used as adsorbents for hydrogen sulfide capture. Among these materials, ZnO and Cu–Zn–O have been studied the most, as they seem to offer improved H2S adsorption capacities. However, there is a clear lack of understanding in relation to the basic sulfidation mechanisms. The elucidation of these reaction mechanisms will be a toilsome but necessary undertaking in order to design materials with high regenerative capacity and structural reversibility.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/5/521/pdf

Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide From Various Industrial Gases: A Review of The Most Promising Adsorbing Materials

Preparation of indium tin oxide films and doped tin oxide films by an ultrasonic spray CVD process

A novel silicate mesoporous material, SBA-15 supported Fe2O3, was synthesized by post-synthesis method via ultrasonic-assisted route The desulfurization test from a gas mixture containing 01 vol% H2S was carried out over SBA-15 supported Fe2O3 in a fixed-bed system at atmospheric pressure and room temperature The effects of the chemical nature of Fe2O3 and the textural properties of the material on desulfurization capacity were studied Materials before and after the desulfurization test were characterized using nitrogen adsorption, XRD, TEM, FTIR, XPS, ICP and other standard methods The characterization results suggest that modification process does not change the two-dimensional hexagonal mesostructure of SBA-15 Iron species disperses inside channels and the outside surface in the crystalline phase of iron oxide The material with iron content of 313 wt% presented highest H2S uptake capacity Structural properties of the material also play important roles in desulfurization performance besides the catalytic effects of iron oxide The basic feature of material and enough oxygen supply are benefit for the reaction SBA-15 supported Fe2O3 can be an effective alternative to capture H2S from gas streams

Tonghua Sun

Papers

Preparation of indium tin oxide films and doped tin oxide films by an ultrasonic spray CVD process

Mesoporous SBA-15 Supported Iron Oxide: A Potent Catalyst for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal

Chemisorption of hydrogen sulphide on zinc oxide modified aluminum-substituted SBA-15

Nanocrystalline silicon thin films deposited by high-frequency sputtering at low temperature