世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

This chapter discusses leading problems linked to energy that the world is now confronting and to propose some ideas concerning possible solutions. Oil deserves special attention among all energy sources. Since the beginning of 1981, it has merely been continuing and enhancing the downward movement in consumption and prices caused by excessive rises, especially for light crudes such as those from Africa, and the slowing down of worldwide economic growth. Densely-populated oil-producing countries need to produce to live, to pay for their food and their equipment. If the economic growth of the industrialized countries were to be 4%, even if investment in the rational use of energy were pushed to the limit and the development of nonpetroleum energy sources were also pursued actively, it would be extremely difficult to prevent a sharp rise in prices. It is evident that it is absolutely necessary to pursue actively the development of coal, natural gas, and nuclear power if a physical shortage of energy is not to block economic growth.

World energy outlook

The Rise of the Creative Class

This study is a collection of papers which discuss the social effects of policy reform. Each author covers a specific structural area of adjustment, and provides a model for planning and analyses. Policy reform entails major adjustments in all sectors of society. The 1980s found many countries in Latin America and Africa beginning structural adjustment policies in response to slumping economies. As these macroeconomic reforms were implemented, poverty and social conditions continued to deteriorate in many countries. This trend showed the importance of integrating social dimensions into the design of adjustment programs. These studies discuss the impacts of reform on the social dimensions of poverty, employment and earnings, migrations, human resources efforts in education and health, fertility, women and smallholders. An extensive bibliography is included

Employment and Earnings

Employment and earnings.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased dramatically in recent years. However, the distribution of FDI is highly unequal and very poor countries face major difficulties in attracting foreign investors. This paper investigates the determinants of FDI inflows to developing countries, with a particular emphasis on the impact of the ‘third wave of democratization’ that started in the early 1980s and the spread of information and communication technology (ICT) that began in the late 1980s. These two global developments must now be taken into account in any explanation of what determines FDI flows. Using a large sample of countries, together with panel data techniques, the paper explores the determinants of FDI. The causal relationship between FDI, GDP growth, trade openness and ICT is investigated. The main findings are that democratization and ICT increase FDI inflows to developing countries. The paper concludes that more assistance should be given to poorer countries to help them to adopt ICT and to break out of their present ‘low ICT equilibrium’ trap.

The New Global Determinants of FDI Flows to Developing Countries

War provides economic opportunities, such as the capture of valuable natural resources, that are unavailable in peacetime. However, belligerents may prefer low-intensity conflict to total war when the former has a greater pay-off. The paper therefore uses

/pdf/conflict-in-africa-the-cost-of-peaceful-behaviour-31oqcvjk8f.pdf

Conflict in Africa : The Cost of Peaceful Behaviour

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased dramatically in recent years. However, the distribution of FDI is highly unequal and very poor countries face major difficulties in attracting foreign investors. This paper investigates the determinants of FDI

/pdf/the-new-global-determinants-of-fdi-flows-to-developing-1prdczbofe.pdf

Tony Addison

Papers

Employment and Earnings

Employment and earnings.

The New Global Determinants of FDI Flows to Developing Countries

Conflict in Africa : The Cost of Peaceful Behaviour

The New Global Determinants of FDI Flows to Developing Countries : The Importance of ICT and Democratization