Tooba A. Cheema

TL;DR: It is revealed that even treatment-naïve subjects and mice with GBM can harbor AIDS-level CD4 counts, as well as contracted, T cell–deficient lymphoid organs, and sequestration of T cells in bone marrow is a tumor-adaptive mode of T cell dysfunction, whose reversal may constitute a promising immunotherapeutic adjunct.

TL;DR: A murine glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) model is described that recapitulates tumor heterogeneity, invasiveness, vascularity, and immunosuppressive microenvironment in syngeneic immunocompetent mice and should prove useful for a range of therapeutic studies.

TL;DR: The combination of low-dose etoposide with an oncolytic HSV increases survival of mice-bearing intracranial human GSC–derived tumors without adverse side effects and is established as a promising combination strategy to treat resistant and recurrent GBM.

TL;DR: Data support the paradigm of using oHSV expressing different antiangiogenic agents and show for the first time that oHSVs expressing angiostatin and IL-12 can improve efficacy in human GBM models.

TL;DR: Combinatorial strategies between virotherapy and chemotherapy and future directions are discussed, including combinations with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics, expression of prodrug-activating enzymes to enhance chemotherapy and small-molecule inhibitors.