1.0. Introduction 4044 2.0. Biomass Chemistry and Growth Rates 4047 2.1. Lignocellulose and Starch-Based Plants 4047 2.2. Triglyceride-Producing Plants 4049 2.3. Algae 4050 2.4. Terpenes and Rubber-Producing Plants 4052 3.0. Biomass Gasification 4052 3.1. Gasification Chemistry 4052 3.2. Gasification Reactors 4054 3.3. Supercritical Gasification 4054 3.4. Solar Gasification 4055 3.5. Gas Conditioning 4055 4.0. Syn-Gas Utilization 4056 4.1. Hydrogen Production by Water−Gas Shift Reaction 4056

/pdf/synthesis-of-transportation-fuels-from-biomass-chemistry-3sckhzoqoz.pdf

Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering.

The interest in nanoscale materials stems from the fact that new properties are acquired at this length scale and, equally important, that these properties * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone, 404-8940292; fax, 404-894-0294; e-mail, mostafa.el-sayed@ chemistry.gatech.edu. † Case Western Reserve UniversitysMillis 2258. ‡ Phone, 216-368-5918; fax, 216-368-3006; e-mail, burda@case.edu. § Georgia Institute of Technology. 1025 Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1025−1102

Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes.

Global challenges and strategies for control, conversion and utilization of CO2 for sustainable development involving energy, catalysis, adsorption and chemical processing

New opportunities for the conversion of glycerol into value-added chemicals have emerged in recent years as a result of glycerol's unique structure, properties, bioavailability, and renewability. Glycerol is currently produced in large amounts during the transesterification of fatty acids into biodiesel and as such represents a useful by-product. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical analysis on the different reaction pathways for catalytic conversion of glycerol into commodity chemicals, including selective oxidation, selective hydrogenolysis, selective dehydration, pyrolysis and gasification, steam reforming, thermal reduction into syngas, selective transesterification, selective etherification, oligomerization and polymerization, and conversion of glycerol into glycerol carbonate.

Chemoselective catalytic conversion of glycerol as a biorenewable source to valuable commodity chemicals

A study is conducted to demonstrate catalytic dehydrogenation of light alkanes on metals and metal oxides. The study provides a complete overview of the materials used to catalyze this reaction, as dehydrogenation for the production of light olefins has become extremely relevant. Relevant factors, such as the specific nature of the active sites, as well as the effect of support, promoters, and reaction feed on catalyst performance and lifetime, are discussed for each catalytic Material. The study compares different catalysts in terms of the reaction mechanism and deactivation pathways and catalytic performance. The duration of the dehydrogenation step depends on the heat content of the catalyst bed, which decreases rapidly due to the endothermic nature of the reaction. Part of the heat required for the reaction is introduced to the reactors by preheating the reaction feed, additional heat being provided by adjacent reactors that are regenerating the coked catalysts.

Catalytic dehydrogenation of light alkanes on metals and metal oxides.

Production of Hydrogen by Steam Reforming of Glycerin on Ruthenium Catalyst

Evidence for the donor nature of sulfur in diamond was obtained by introducing hydrogen sulfide into the microwave assisted plasma chemical vapor deposition process. The sulfur was successfully doped into homoepitaxial diamond (100) films, which exhibit n-type conduction by Hall-effect measurements in the temperature range of 250--550 K. The mobility of electrons at room temperature was 597 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{V}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The ionization energy of 0.38 eV was determined by measuring the carrier concentration as a function of temperature.

Sulfur: A donor dopant for n -type diamond semiconductors

An attempt to use carbon dioxide as a diluent and oxidant in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene was carried out over an activated carbon-supported iron catalyst ( Fe 17 wt-% ) at 773–973 K, CO2/ethylbenzene= 50-70 mol/mol and W/F= 30–120 g h/mol An addition of 20–30 mol-% lithium nitrate to iron resulted in a significant increase in the catalytic activity The highest yield of styrene (40–45%) with more than 90% selectivity was obtained at a ratio of lithium to iron of 01–02 (mol/mol) In addition to styrene, carbon monoxide and water were formed as products This indicated that the reaction proceeds via an oxidative dehydrogenation mechanism Added lithium nitrate was converted into lithium ferrite during the treatment of an iron-lithium co-loaded activated carbon catalyst under carbon dioxide at 973 K Lithium ferrite thus formed would be an active center of the reaction

Toshimitsu Suzuki

Papers

Production of Hydrogen by Steam Reforming of Glycerin on Ruthenium Catalyst

Sulfur: A donor dopant for n -type diamond semiconductors

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with carbon dioxide

Role of carbon dioxide in the dehydrogenation of ethane over gallium-loaded catalysts

Dehydrogenation of ethane over gallium oxide in the presence of carbon dioxide