The chemistry of graphene oxide is discussed in this critical review Particular emphasis is directed toward the synthesis of graphene oxide, as well as its structure Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphene-like materials, is also discussed This review will be of value to synthetic chemists interested in this emerging field of materials science, as well as those investigating applications of graphene who would find a more thorough treatment of the chemistry of graphene oxide useful in understanding the scope and limitations of current approaches which utilize this material (91 references)

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The chemistry of graphene oxide

2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

2.1. Solvents 4307 2.1.1. Propylene Carbonate (PC) 4308 2.1.2. Ethers 4308 2.1.3. Ethylene Carbonate (EC) 4309 2.1.4. Linear Dialkyl Carbonates 4310 2.2. Lithium Salts 4310 2.2.1. Lithium Perchlorate (LiClO4) 4311 2.2.2. Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6) 4312 2.2.3. Lithium Tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) 4312 2.2.4. Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTf) 4312 2.2.5. Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiIm) and Its Derivatives 4313

/pdf/nonaqueous-liquid-electrolytes-for-lithium-based-uxm5ffbi18.pdf

Nonaqueous liquid electrolytes for lithium-based rechargeable batteries.

Li-ion battery technology has become very important in recent years as these batteries show great promise as power sources that can lead us to the electric vehicle (EV) revolution. The development of new materials for Li-ion batteries is the focus of research in prominent groups in the field of materials science throughout the world. Li-ion batteries can be considered to be the most impressive success story of modern electrochemistry in the last two decades. They power most of today's portable devices, and seem to overcome the psychological barriers against the use of such high energy density devices on a larger scale for more demanding applications, such as EV. Since this field is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is important to provide current and timely updates of this constantly changing technology. In this review, we describe the key aspects of Li-ion batteries: the basic science behind their operation, the most relevant components, anodes, cathodes, electrolyte solutions, as well as important future directions for R&D of advanced Li-ion batteries for demanding use, such as EV and load-leveling applications.

Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review

We investigate Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets with epoxy and hydroxyl groups and Stone−Wales and 5−8−5 defects by first-principles calculations to interpret our experimental results. Only the alternating pattern of single−double carbon bonds within the sp2 carbon ribbons provides a satisfactory explanation for the experimentally observed blue shift of the G band of the Raman spectra relative to graphite. To obtain these single−double bonds, it is necessary to have sp3 carbons on the edges of a zigzag carbon ribbon.

Raman Spectra of Graphite Oxide and Functionalized Graphene Sheets

A new structure model of graphite oxide

Formation process and structure of graphite oxide

New graphite-like materials of composition BC0.9-1.3N0.8-0.9H0.4-0.7 and BC3.0-3.2N0.8-1.0H0.2-2, which are described as BCN(H) and BC3N(H), have been prepared by the interaction of acetonitrile with boron trichloride in a hydrogen and nitrogen atmosphere and acrylonitrile with boron trichloride, respectively. X-ray and electron diffraction analyses indicate that these materials have hexagonal structures similar to that of graphite. ESCA spectra and the possible chemical bonds suggest that the ideal structure of BCN is made of the unit structure of BC2N + BN, while BC3N is composed of BC3N + BNC3. A BCN(H) plate has a basal-plane conductivity of 1.28 (Ω cm)-1 at room temperature, while a BC3N(H) plate has that of 88.5 (Ω cm)-1. Thermoelectric measurements indicate that both materials behave as p-type semiconductors and a BCN(H) plate has a high Seebeck coefficient of 300 μV/°K at room temperature in air.

Tsuyoshi Nakajima

Papers

A new structure model of graphite oxide

Formation process and structure of graphite oxide

Syntheses and structures of new graphite-like materials of composition BCN(H) and BC3N(H)

Carbonization of polyimide film “Kapton”

Structural changes of Nb2O5 and V2O5 as rechargeable cathodes for lithium battery