Sarcomas are a rare and diverse group of tumours that are derived from connective tissues, including bone, muscle and cartilage. Although there are instances of hereditary predisposition to sarcomas, the overwhelming majority of such tumours are sporadic. In the past decade, we have gained much insight into the genetic abnormalities that seem to underlie the pathogenesis of these tumours. This information has already led to new classification of many sarcomas, as well as to successful therapies that are targeted at specific genetic abnormalities. It is likely that this approach will lead to continued refinements in classification and treatment of these tumours.

Mechanisms of sarcoma development

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids: Personal experience with 60 cases

Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Ocular Region: A Review

BACKGROUD:

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare and aggressive cutaneous carcinoma. It is believed that this malignancy predominates in the periocular region and occurs more frequently in Asian populations and in women. The objective of the current study was to analyze demographic characteristics and outcomes for patients with this malignancy from a large United States-based population registry.



METHODS:

An analysis of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1973 through 2004 was performed.



RESULTS:

Of 1349 patients who were identified, 54% were men, 86.2% were white, and 5.5% were of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry. The median age at diagnosis was 73 years. The most frequent site of disease was the eyelid (38.7%). The population-matched 5- and 10-year age-matched relative survival rate was 91.9% (standard error [SE], 1.9%) and 79.2% (SE, 3.7%), respectively. Cause of death was attributable to cancer in 31% of patients. Orbital involvement did not predict for worsened survival compared with nonorbital involvement (5-year overall survival, 75.2% vs 68%, respectively; P = .66). The overall population-matched rate of sebaceous carcinoma was highest in whites (2.03 cases per 1000,000; SE, 0.08) versus Asian/Pacific Islanders (1.07 per 1000,000; SE, 0.18; P = .0001) versus blacks (0.48 per 1000,000; SE, 0.11; P < .0001).



CONCLUSIONS:

The current results support the finding of a predominance of men among patients with sebaceous carcinoma, and no difference was observed in the prognosis for orbital and periorbital involvement. This retrospective analysis also corroborated previous case reports of a higher incidence among patients with advanced age and the highest incidence for sites in the eyelid and skin of the face. The results also established that Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry is not a risk factor for developing sebaceous carcinoma. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cncr.23952

A retrospective review of 1349 cases of sebaceous carcinoma

Eyelid tumors are the most common neoplasm in daily ophthalmology practice and encompass a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors. In this retrospective study, we report the clinical and histological features of 5504 eyelid skin tumors diagnosed at the Laboratory of Ophthalmopathology of the Hopital Ophtalmique Jules Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland, between January 1989 and December 2007. Benign tumors largely predominated over malignant ones, representing 84% of cases in this series, and the 5 most frequent subtypes were squamous cell papilloma (26%), seborrheic keratosis (21%), melanocytic nevus (20%), hidrocystoma (8%), and xanthoma/ xanthelasma (6%). Basal cell carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumor (86%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (7%) and sebaceous carcinoma (3%). For several tumor subtypes, there was a poor correlation between clinical and histological diagnosis, stressing the numerous pitfalls in the diagnosis of eyelid tumors. We further discuss our results with reference to previously published series.

Clinicopathological features of eyelid skin tumors. A retrospective study of 5504 cases and review of literature.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma.

A retrospective study of 207 cases of eyelid tumours and tumour like lesions, diagnosed histopathologically, was carried out for the period 1957 to 1991. There was a slight preponderance of males as the male/female ratio was 1.3:1. The age of the cases ranged from one to 80 years. Benign tumours were usually seen in the first two decades whereas the malignant tumours were common in the age group of 40 to 60 years. Malignancy was noticed in 85 cases (41.1%). Of these cases of malignant tumours, basal cell carcinoma was the commonest (38.8%) followed by sebaceous carcinoma (27.1%), squamous cell carcinoma (22.4%), basisquamous cell carcinoma (8.2%) and melanoma (3.5%). The ratio of basal cell carcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma was 1.74: 1. Of the 122 benign lesions common ones were vascular tumours (21.3%), neural tumours (18.0%), dermoid cysts (16.4%), squamous cell papilloma (13.1%) and naevi (12.3%).

Tumours of eyelid: a clinicopathologic study.

Morphological changes of gall bladder were studied in 415 cholecystectomy specimens There was a preponderance of females (male to female ratio--1:65) The mean age of the cases was 436 years Most of the cases (634%) were in the 4th and 5th decades of life The average duration of illness was 28 years Associated cholelithiasis was present in 853% cases Gall-stones were of mixed variety in 782% cases, cholesterol type in 153% cases and both types were present in 65% cases Chronic cholecystitis was the main histological diagnosis (508%) Other lesions observed were adenomyomatosis (82%), adenomatous hyperplasia (101%), granulomatous cholecystitis (41%), cholesterosis (27%), acute cholecystitis (41%), acute on chronic infection (108%), sub-acute cholecystitis (24%) and carcinoma gall bladder (68%) The frequency of Rokitansky-Aschoff's sinuses was closely related with the degree of inflammatory response In 13 (62%) cases the diagnosis of chronic follicular cholecystitis was made All the cases of cholesterosis were multiparous females and of younger age Of the malignant lesions, adenocarcinoma was the commonest (964%)

Morphological changes in diseased gall bladder: a study of 415 cholecystectomies at Aligarh.

A case of malignant change in a benign cystic tertoma of the ovary has been reported where there was double malignancy. Leiomyosarcoma was associated with squamous cell carcinoma (In situ). The patient remained well for one year after ovariotomy.

Tyagi Sp

Papers

Alveolar soft part sarcoma.

Tumours of eyelid: a clinicopathologic study.

Morphological changes in diseased gall bladder: a study of 415 cholecystectomies at Aligarh.

Double malignancy in a benign cystic teratoma of the ovary (a case report).

Ileocaecal tuberculosis associated with adenocarcinoma of the caecum and colon.