There are number of water purification techniques but the adsorption is one of the most simplest, effective and economical method for wastewater purification. In this article a large number of solid adsorbents such as Natural adsorbents, Agricultural Wastes, Industrial wastes, Biomass, Nanoadsorbents: Carbon based nanomaterials, Nobel metal based nanomaterials, Metal oxide based nanomaterials, Spinel ferrite based nanomaterials, Nanocomposites, Dendritic polymers; Geopolymer cement have been discussed for the removal of different pollutants from waste water. Removal of Fluoride, Phosphate, Nitrate and Radionuclides from wastewater has also been reviewed in this article. Adsorption isotherm models, kinetic models, thermodynamic parameters and adsorption mechanism have also been discussed. The present article lists different type of adsorbents and reviews state-of-the-art of the removal of different pollutants from water. The efforts have been made to discuss the sources of contamination and toxicities of pollutants. Adsorption mechanisms responsible for pollutants removal by different adsorbents have been reviewed. Attempts have also been made to point out the advantages and drawbacks of adsorbents and the future research needs in the area of water purification by adsorbents.

Water purification by using Adsorbents: A Review

Competitive adsorption of heavy metals onto sesame straw biochar in aqueous solutions.

Metakaolin as cementitious material: History, scours, production and composition – A comprehensive overview

A review on geopolymers as emerging materials for the adsorption of heavy metals and dyes

This book provides an updated state-of-the-art review on new developments in alkali-activation. The main binder of concrete, Portland cement, represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of concrete which are about 6 to 7% of the Planet's total CO2 emissions. This is particularly serious in the current context of climate change and it could get even worse because the demand for Portland cement is expected to increase by almost 200% by 2050 from 2010 levels, reaching 6000 million tons/year. Alkali-activated binders represent an alternative to Portland cement having higher durability and a lower CO2 footprint. * Reviews the chemistry, mix design, manufacture and properties of alkali-activated cement-based concrete binders* Considers performance in adverse environmental conditions.* Offers equal emphasis on the science behind the technology and its use in civil engineering.

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Handbook of alkali-activated cements, mortars and concretes

The heavy metal adsorption characteristics on metakaolin-based geopolymer

This paper reports a fabrication method for conductive open-end friction core-spun yarn (OFCY), which, as described, are constructed from open-end friction spun yarn (OFSY) and core stainless steel wire (SW) combined within the yarn twisting zone of the friction drum during the open-end friction spinning process. To facilitate weaving of SW and reduce the material cost, initially, the sheath stainless steel (SS), Kevlar (KS) or rayon (RS) staple fiber and core stainless steel wire are combined to form the OFCY yarn by using a DREF III open-end friction spinning method. The OFCY yarns were successfully woven into a variety of woven structures produced from a semi-automatic loom. The primary objects of this research are to develop new conductive yarns and fabrics, which could be suitable for shielding home electronic devices, electrical appliances from electromagnetic fields. Such fabrics could be incorporated into prepreg systems used for composite manufacture. In these fabrics, SW is used as a core component that is wrapped around a sheath SS and KS or RS to form an OFCY yarn in which OFCY yarn strength remains the same and electrical properties are better than for an equivalent OFSY yarn. Stainless steel staple fibers (SS) and wire (SW) are incorporated as conductive fillers to enhance the electromagnetic shielding properties of the woven fabric. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of various woven fabrics was obtained using a coaxial transmission line holder in the frequency range of 300 kHz–3 GHz. The variations of EMSE, the surface and volume resistivities of the woven fabric structure, and blend ratios of the OFCY yarns are also described.

Effects of yarn constitutions and fabric specifications on electrical properties of hybrid woven fabrics

A range of conductive knitted fabric reinforced polypropylene composites have been developed and their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE), electrostatic discharge (ESD) and impact properties have been investigated. Carbon and aramid fibers are used as the reinforcement phase in the composites, while copper and stainless steel wires are incorporated as conductive fillers to provide the ESD and EMSE properties of the composite materials. The hollow spindle spinning system has been used to make SS/PP, Cu/PP, SS/C/PP, Cu/C/PP and Cu/K/PP uncommingled yarns. The double plain knitted fabric and its inlaid fabrics were fabricated from the yarns using a 5G traverse knitted machine. Changing the yarn composition, fabric knit structure, and stitch density varies the amount of copper and stainless steel conductive fillers in the composites. 4 layer cross-ply laminates were laid-up by hand, then formed into 3-mm thick conductive thermoplastic composites using a compression molding. It was observed that the EMSE and ESD of the composites increase with increasing the incident frequency, especially at higher frequency range. The effects of inlaid ends, materials and yarn constitutions on the EMSE of the conductive thermoplastic composites were investigated. The results indicate that the composites can be used for the purpose of electromagnetic shielding and ESD attenuation, as well as for some microwave applications.

Tzuu-Hsing Ueng

Papers

The heavy metal adsorption characteristics on metakaolin-based geopolymer

Effects of yarn constitutions and fabric specifications on electrical properties of hybrid woven fabrics

Electrical and impact properties of the hybrid knitted inlaid fabric reinforced polypropylene composites

Main factors affecting mechanical characteristics of geopolymer revealed by experimental design and associated statistical analysis

Production of coloured glass-ceramics from incinerator ash using thermal plasma technology.