Mini Mental State

https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(13)00361-4/pdf

Effects of Exercise Training on Fitness, Mobility, Fatigue, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review to Inform Guideline Development

Behcet's disease (BD) is a multisystem relapsing inflammatory disorder of unknown cause. In neuro-BD (NBD), the CNS can be involved in one or both of two ways: first, and most commonly, through the development of an immune-mediated meningoencephalitis, which predominantly involves the brainstem, but can also involve the basal ganglia, thalamus, cortex and white matter, spinal cord, or cranial nerves; and second, as a consequence of thrombosis within the dural venous sinuses. Headache is a common symptom in BD and does not necessarily indicate CNS involvement. Peripheral nervous system involvement is rare. New treatment options have recently become available, which have led to an improvement in morbidity after meningoencephalitis. Most of the reported studies on NBD are retrospective. Collaborative prospective studies of the natural history of the disease, particularly the nature and treatment of progressive neurological disease, and evidence-based studies of treatment are needed.

https://www.ophed.net/system/files/2015/07/Behcets%20Lancet%20Review.pdf

Neuro-Behçet's disease: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

Diabetes is associated with impaired cognitive functioning and an increased risk of dementia (1,2). Patients with type 1 diabetes may show mild to moderate slowing of mental speed and diminished mental flexibility, whereas learning and memory are relatively spared (3). In patients with type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment may be relatively more pronounced, particularly affecting verbal memory or complex information processing (4,5). The pathogenesis is still uncertain, but chronic hyperglycemia, vascular disease, repeated hypoglycemic episodes, and possibly direct effects of insulin on the brain have been implicated (6). Brain imaging studies can help to clarify the pathogenesis. An increasing number of studies report both focal vascular and more global (e.g., atrophy) cerebral changes, but the results are not always consistent.

Our aim was to systematically review brain imaging studies in patients with diabetes. Data on the relation of imaging with cognition and with relevant disease variables were also recorded.

Medline and EMBASE (1966 to February 2006) were searched with the following medical subject heading terms: computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies: white matter, leukoaraiosis, lacunar infarction, subcortical, periventricular, brain, cerebral, hippocampus, atrophy, MRI, magnetic resonance imaging, CT, and tomography; magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS, brain, and cerebral; positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission CT (SPECT), and Xenon-enhanced CT studies: cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, brain, cerebral, PET, SPECT, Xenon, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission tomography, and tomography; all combined with “diabetes.”

The abstracts were screened and potentially relevant articles retrieved. These articles were included if they met the following four criteria: 1 ) original article, written in English, on brain imaging in adult patients with diabetes in comparison with control subjects; 2 ) diagnostic criteria for diabetes specified; 3 ) sample size of at least 20 diabetic patients, or a total sample …

https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/29/11/2539.full.pdf

Brain imaging in patients with diabetes: a systematic review.

Nrf2--a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia and age is the most important risk factor for AD. Aging is associated with increased free radical production and oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a biomarker indicating oxidative DNA damage. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated antioxidant enzyme and prevents especially oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. The aim of this study is to measure urinary 8-OHdG levels and serum PON1 activity in patients with AD. Methods A total of 21 elderly patients diagnosed with moderate AD (10 men and 11 women, aged 76 ± 7.8 years) were included in the study. A total of 20 healthy elderly volunteers (11 men and nine women, aged 81 ± 7.2 years) were enrolled as a control group. Levels of urinary 8-OHdG, serum PON1 activity and lipid profile were determined in patients and controls. Results Urinary 8-OHdG levels were significantly increased, but serum PON1 activity was significantly decreased in patients compared to controls. Lipid profile did not show a difference between the groups. There was a negative correlation between 8-OHdG levels and PON1 activity only in the patient group (r=-0.536). Analytical performance characteristics of the methods used were satisfactory. Conclusions In this study, evidence of increased oxidative DNA damage was determined in AD patients as well as decreased serum PON1 activity. Oxidant stress and oxidative DNA damage are important pathological processes in AD. The biomarkers, urinary 8-OHdG level and serum PON1 activity can be used to determine and monitor the status of patients with AD.

Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level and plasma paraoxonase 1 activity with Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives – The objectives of this study were to evaluate cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to clarify the relationship between these functions and neurological deficits, respiratory involvement, fatigue and quality of life.



Materials and methods –  Twenty-five patients with MS and 15 healthy controls were included in the study. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to maximum exercise were investigated with an electronically braked arm crank ergometer. A computerized gas analysis system collected and analysed expired gases during exercise.



Results –  In the present study, significant respiratory muscle weakness, and decreased aerobic performance and cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to maximum exercise were determined in patients with MS.



Conclusions –  As respiratory muscle function plays a strong role in aerobic capacity and in most of the cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to exercise, measurement of respiratory muscle strength and endurance should also be carried out in the MS population.

Cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions, aerobic capacity, fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis

Intravenous theophylline decreases post-dural puncture headaches

Introduction:Primary headaches are known to be associated with multiple sclerosis. We aimed to determine headaches using ICHD-II in different phases of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and the correlation between headaches and several features of the disease.Results:Migraine (41.2%) and tensi

Headaches in the Different Phases of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Tendency for Stabbing Headaches During Relapses

Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis (LA) is not clearly understood and its significance in patients with stroke remains undetermined. In the Neurol­ogy Department of Ankara Hospital, computed tomography (CT) examination of brain was performed for various reasons in 288 patients. LA was detected in 178 patients by the use of brain CT. Patients with LA had a higher incidence of hypertension history (70.8%) when compared with the non-LA group (57.3%; p <. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of sex, mean age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, history of cerebrovascular disease, cardiac failure, ischemic cardiac disease between patients with and without LA. We showed that LA is related to hypertension but not related to age, diabetes mellitus, or cardiac disease in our patient population.

Ufuk Ergün

Papers

Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level and plasma paraoxonase 1 activity with Alzheimer's disease.

Cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions, aerobic capacity, fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis

Intravenous theophylline decreases post-dural puncture headaches

Headaches in the Different Phases of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Tendency for Stabbing Headaches During Relapses

Leukoaraiosis in stroke patients