There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

/pdf/science-and-technology-roadmap-for-graphene-related-two-4q9m7czlkc.pdf

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

We explore in this chapter questions of existence and uniqueness for solutions to stochastic differential equations and offer a study of their properties. This endeavor is really a study of diffusion processes. Loosely speaking, the term diffusion is attributed to a Markov process which has continuous sample paths and can be characterized in terms of its infinitesimal generator.

Stochastic Differential Equations

Phase noise is a topic of theoretical and practical interest in electronic circuits, as well as in other fields, such as optics. Although progress has been made in understanding the phenomenon, there still remain significant gaps, both in its fundamental theory and in numerical techniques for its characterization. In this paper, we develop a solid foundation for phase noise that is valid for any oscillator, regardless of operating mechanism. We establish novel results about the dynamics of stable nonlinear oscillators in the presence of perturbations, both deterministic and random. We obtain an exact nonlinear equation for phase error, which we solve without approximations for random perturbations. This leads us to a precise characterization of timing jitter and spectral dispersion, for computing of which we have developed efficient numerical methods. We demonstrate our techniques on a variety of practical electrical oscillators and obtain good matches with measurements, even at frequencies close to the carrier, where previous techniques break down. Our methods are more than three orders of magnitude faster than the brute-force Monte Carlo approach, which is the only previously available technique that can predict phase noise correctly.

Phase noise in oscillators: a unifying theory and numerical methods for characterization

Thank you for downloading design of analog cmos integrated circuits. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen books like this design of analog cmos integrated circuits, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their computer. design of analog cmos integrated circuits is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the design of analog cmos integrated circuits is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

The noise properties of active inductor resonator is studied. A design strategy centered on improving the quality factor of the active inductor is discussed for giving brief insights about the active resonator noise dynamics, and validated through an example, leading to a low cost high performance tunable active inductor oscillator (TAIO) for reconfigurable radio-frequency circuit solutions.

Active inductor oscillator noise dynamics

This article deals with the erratic and inconsistent phase-noise spectra often seen in low-noise oscillators, whose floor is of the order of -180 dBc/Hz or less. Such oscillators are generally measured with two-channel instruments based on averaging two simultaneous and statistically independent measures. Our new method consists of inserting a dissipative attenuator between the oscillator under test and the phase-noise analyzer. The thermal noise of the attenuator introduces a controlled amount of phase noise. We compare the phase noise floor to the theoretical expectation with different values of the attenuation in small steps. The analysis reveals a negative bias (underestimation of phase noise) due to the thermal energy of the internal power splitter at the instrument input, and an uncertainty due to crosstalk between the two channels. In not-so-rare unfortunate cases, the bias results in a negative phase-noise spectrum, which is an obvious nonsense. Similar results are observed separately in three labs with instruments from the two major brands. We provide experimental evidence, full theory and suggestions to mitigate the problem, and a first attempt to assess the uncertainty. Our multiple-attenuators method provides quantitative information about the correlation phenomena inside the instrument.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1681-7575/ab8d7b/pdf

Artifacts and Errors in Cross-Spectrum Phase Noise Measurements

A novel MCSTPR (mode-coupled stubs-tuned planar resonator) VCO is described in this paper, which is cost-effective, and integrable alternative for DRO circuit. The novel MCSTPR VCO offers promising phase noise (better than -135 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset from the carrier) for broadband operation (5-6 GHz).

Mode-Coupled Stubs-Tuned Planar Resonator Offers Promissing And Integrable Alternatives Of DRO (Dielectric Resonator Oscillator)

A high intercept points, broadband, cost-effective and power-efficient passive reflection FET double balanced mixer (DBM) is reported. This paper is based on novel approach that gives intercept points (IP3) in excess of 42dB in and conversion loss less than 9.5 dB with the LO power typically 17dBm throughout the frequency bands (RF: 600-2500MHz, LO: 550-2300MHz, IF: 50-200MHz). The interport isolation is better than 30 dB for broadband applications, and the circuit topology is not limited to these frequencies, and can be easily extended for present and later generation of communication systems

High Intercept Point, Broadband, Cost-Effective, and Power-Efficient Passive Reflection FET DBM

A novel evanescent-mode Mobius-coupled resonator oscillator is developed for the applications of synthesized X-band signal sources in RADAR and modern communication systems.

Ulrich L. Rohde

Papers

Active inductor oscillator noise dynamics

Artifacts and Errors in Cross-Spectrum Phase Noise Measurements

Mode-Coupled Stubs-Tuned Planar Resonator Offers Promissing And Integrable Alternatives Of DRO (Dielectric Resonator Oscillator)

High Intercept Point, Broadband, Cost-Effective, and Power-Efficient Passive Reflection FET DBM

A novel evanescent-mode Möbius-coupled resonator oscillators