There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

We explore in this chapter questions of existence and uniqueness for solutions to stochastic differential equations and offer a study of their properties. This endeavor is really a study of diffusion processes. Loosely speaking, the term diffusion is attributed to a Markov process which has continuous sample paths and can be characterized in terms of its infinitesimal generator.

Stochastic Differential Equations

Phase noise is a topic of theoretical and practical interest in electronic circuits, as well as in other fields, such as optics. Although progress has been made in understanding the phenomenon, there still remain significant gaps, both in its fundamental theory and in numerical techniques for its characterization. In this paper, we develop a solid foundation for phase noise that is valid for any oscillator, regardless of operating mechanism. We establish novel results about the dynamics of stable nonlinear oscillators in the presence of perturbations, both deterministic and random. We obtain an exact nonlinear equation for phase error, which we solve without approximations for random perturbations. This leads us to a precise characterization of timing jitter and spectral dispersion, for computing of which we have developed efficient numerical methods. We demonstrate our techniques on a variety of practical electrical oscillators and obtain good matches with measurements, even at frequencies close to the carrier, where previous techniques break down. Our methods are more than three orders of magnitude faster than the brute-force Monte Carlo approach, which is the only previously available technique that can predict phase noise correctly.

Phase noise in oscillators: a unifying theory and numerical methods for characterization

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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

MTM (Metamaterial) is a negative index composite structure, involves multi-disciplinary engineering challenges and opportunity This paper reports MTM inspired structure for analyzing and Casimir effect GW (Gravity Wave) detection

MTM: Casimir effect and Gravity Wave detection

A tunable multi-mode laser is configured to generate a multi-mode optical signal at a tuned wavelength. The laser includes a semiconductor optical gain region, a feedback region, and a phase modulation region between the gain and feedback regions. Each of the regions may be monolithically integrated. A feedback loop is coupled to the tunable laser to receive the optical signal and includes at least one delay line. The delay line may also be monolithically integrated. An output of the delay line is fed back to the tunable multi-mode laser in order to provide at least one of self-injection locking and self-phase locked looping for the multi-mode tunable laser. Each of the optical gain region and phase modulation region of the laser is biased by the output of the delay line in order to reduce phase drift of the optical signal.

Optoelectronic Oscillator Using Monolithically Integrated Multi-Quantum Well Laser And Phase Modulator

This paper investigates the impact of technological scaling and minimization of flicker (1/f) noise on SiGe HBTs in coupled mode N-push oscillator/VCO configuration, which have recently emerged as a strong contender for RF and mixed-signal applications. 1/f noise in SiGe HBTs is sensitive with technological scaling and upconverted in coupled mode oscillators due to the presence of asymmetrical output from their subsequent N oscillator subcircuits that forms N-push configuration. Improving the symmetry of the coupled mode N-push topology develops a method of minimizing the 1/f noise up-conversion and phase noise in the scaled device. The experimental result shows 10-15 dB improvement in the noise performances for symmetrical coupled mode VCO @ 10 kHz offset from the carrier frequency 8000 MHz in comparison to the asymmetrical version of the coupled mode scaled device (Infineon BFP 620)

Technological Scaling and Minimization of 1/fNoise in SiGe HBTs Coupled Mode N-Push Oscillators/VCOs

This paper discusses the emerging 5th generation (5G) communication networks and enabling SDR (software defined radio) technology for radio monitoring applications

Modern radios: 5G and SDR emerging trends

Applications of microwave have been increased in the last years due to radars and police communication systems, high power satellite and TV transmitters, mobile phones, microwave ovens and medical devices. Exposure to microwave emissions has a negative effect upon the general biological welfare of humans. The measurement of the dielectric properties of biological tissues would play a significant role in any well-founded effort involving tissue interaction with electromagnetic energy. Therefore we want to see whether current safety standard recommendations are inappropriate as far as human blood function is concerned. Thirty age and gender matched blood samples will serve as control. For increased accuracy detection of any possible alteration and to help us orientate towards the details that are to be studied ultra structurally, we use a special stain. An electronic microscope analysis will be performed on all the blood samples after specific preparation to see whether such microwave exposure might damage in some way the ultra structure of the blood cells. After modeling and sectioning the blocks we contrast them using acetate-uranyl and lead-citrate and study them with an electronic microscope. The obtained images are processed using Viewer Imaging Analysis software for further analysis. In the end we shall use scanning microscopy to detect any surface dismorphisms that might appear due to the microwave exposure.

Ulrich L. Rohde

Papers

MTM: Casimir effect and Gravity Wave detection

Optoelectronic Oscillator Using Monolithically Integrated Multi-Quantum Well Laser And Phase Modulator

Technological Scaling and Minimization of 1/fNoise in SiGe HBTs Coupled Mode N-Push Oscillators/VCOs

Modern radios: 5G and SDR emerging trends

Approach on the high frequency electromagnetic field effects on human blood