Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are produced by several endogenous and exogenous processes, and their negative effects are neutralized by antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress occurs from the imbalance between RONS production and these antioxidant defenses. Aging is a process characterized by the progressive loss of tissue and organ function. The oxidative stress theory of aging is based on the hypothesis that age-associated functional losses are due to the accumulation of RONS-induced damages. At the same time, oxidative stress is involved in several age-related conditions (ie, cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer), including sarcopenia and frailty. Different types of oxidative stress biomarkers have been identified and may provide important information about the efficacy of the treatment, guiding the selection of the most effective drugs/dose regimens for patients and, if particularly relevant from a pathophysiological point of view, acting on a specific therapeutic target. Given the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of many clinical conditions and aging, antioxidant therapy could positively affect the natural history of several diseases, but further investigation is needed to evaluate the real efficacy of these therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of literature on this complex topic of ever increasing interest.

/pdf/oxidative-stress-aging-and-diseases-3hb33el5ni.pdf

Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory dermatosis that affects up to 25% of children and 2% to 3% of adults. This guideline addresses important clinical questions that arise in the management and care of AD, providing updated and expanded recommendations based on the available evidence. In this first of 4 sections, methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, outcomes measures for assessment, and common clinical associations that affect patients with AD are discussed. Known risk factors for the development of disease are also reviewed.

http://blackbook.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/OK-aad-2012-atopic-dermatitis-guideline-part-1-article-in-press.pdf

Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis.

わが国における成人市中肺炎原因微生物についてのsystematic review/meta‐analysis

G Du Toit, G Roberts, PH Sayre N Engl J Med 2015;372:803–813

To evaluate strategies of early peanut consumption or avoidance for prevention of peanut allergy in patients at risk

The participants were between 4 and 11 months of age at randomization They suffered from severe eczema, egg allergy, or both

A total of 640 patients were evaluated over a 60-month period They were stratified according to their sensitivity to skin testing to peanut extract Those with no measureable wheal were evaluated as not sensitized, those with wheal diameters 1 to 4 mm were considered sensitized, and participants with >4-mm wheal were excluded Participants were randomized to receive an initial supervised feeding …

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/136/Supplement_3/S238.full.pdf

Randomized Trial of Peanut Consumption in Infants at Risk for Peanut Allergy

Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Long term exposure to increased levels of pro-oxidant factors can cause structural defects at a mitochondrial DNA level, as well as functional alteration of several enzymes and cellular structures leading to aberrations in gene expression. The modern lifestyle associated with processed food, exposure to a wide range of chemicals and lack of exercise plays an important role in oxidative stress induction. However, the use of medicinal plants with antioxidant properties has been exploited for their ability to treat or prevent several human pathologies in which oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes. In this review we discuss the diseases in which oxidative stress is one of the triggers and the plant-derived antioxidant compounds with their mechanisms of antioxidant defenses that can help in the prevention of these diseases. Finally, both the beneficial and detrimental effects of antioxidant molecules that are used to reduce oxidative stress in several human conditions are discussed.

/pdf/lifestyle-oxidative-stress-and-antioxidants-back-and-forth-27lvucs2ay.pdf

Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1097%2FWOX.0b013e3182439613.pdf

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1097%2FWOX.0b013e318232389e.pdf

Oxidative Stress in Asthma

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in childhood is infrequent, and information about the disease in children is limited. We attempted to investigate its etiologic facto

Chronic urticaria: etiology and natural course in children.

An imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the capacity of antioxidant defense mechanisms favoring oxidants is called oxidative stress and is implicated in asthmatic inflammation and severity. Major reactive oxygen species that are formed endogenously include hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hypohalite radical; and the major antioxidants that fight against the endogenous and environmental oxidants are superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. Despite the well-known presence of oxidative stress in asthma, studies that target oxidative burden using a variety of nutritional, pharmacological, and environmental approaches have generally been disappointing. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalance in asthma. In addition, we focus on possible biomarkers of oxidative stress in asthma and on current and future treatment strategies using the modulation of oxidative stress to treat asthma patients.

Oxidative stress in asthma: Part of the puzzle.

A relationship between serum basal tryptase (sBT) levels, anaphylactic reactions, and clonal mast cell diseases was shown recently in adults with venom allergy, but the relationship between sBT levels and IgE-mediated food allergy and anaphylaxis is not known. In this study, children with food allergy (FA; n = 167) were analyzed in two groups according to the presence (FA+/A+; n = 79) or absence of anaphylaxis (FA+/A−; n = 88) and were compared with a control group (n = 113). Median sBT values in FA+/A+, FA+/A−, and control groups were 4.0 ng/ml (2.8–5.8), 3.6 (2.3–4.5), and 3.3 (2.4–4.4), respectively (P = 0.022). sBT measurements higher than the cutoff values of 5.7 and 14.5 were associated with 50% and 90% predicted probabilities, respectively, of moderate to severe anaphylaxis. Children with tree nuts/peanut allergies had significantly higher levels of sBT than children with milk and egg allergy (P = 0.022). Results suggest that sBT levels may predict moderate to severe anaphylaxis in children with food allergy, which may follow a particular pattern according to the food allergy phenotype.

Umit Murat Sahiner

Papers

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense

Oxidative Stress in Asthma

Chronic urticaria: etiology and natural course in children.

Oxidative stress in asthma: Part of the puzzle.

Serum basal tryptase may be a good marker for predicting the risk of anaphylaxis in children with food allergy.