Our possessions are a major contributor to and reflection of our identities A variety of evidence is presented supporting this simple and compelling premise Related streams of research are identified and drawn upon in developing this concept and implications are derived for consumer behavior Because the construct of extended self involves consumer behavior rather than buyer behavior, it appears to be a much richer construct than previous formulations positing a relationship between self-concept and consumer brand choice

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2489522.pdf

Possessions and the extended self.

https://media.terry.uga.edu/socrates/publications/2013/05/Cropanzano__Mitchell_2005_SET_Review_JOM.pdf

Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review

Much of social life involves interactions between individuals or corporate actors in dyads, groups, organizations or networks that can be viewed as social exchanges. This chapter presents an overview of the main theories of social exchange focusing on the key contributors in sociology, including George Homans, Peter Blau, Richard M. Emerson and those whose work subsequently built on their original formulations. The theories that have been developed in recent decades have focused on the social structures created by repeated exchanges and the ways in which these structures both constrain and enable actors to exercise power and influence. Other related social processes addressed within the exchange tradition include interpersonal commitment, trust, fairness, procedural and distributive justice, coalition formation and collective action. Recent work also focuses on emotions and their role in social exchange. The methodological challenges of studying social exchange in the laboratory and in the world outside the lab are addressed as well as links between exchange theory and topics under study by economic sociologists and network scholars more broadly, including Internet-mediated exchanges and their growing significance.

Social Exchange Theory.

This study examined the relationship between perceptions of fairness and organizational citizenship (extrarole) behaviors in a sample drawn from two firms in the midwestern United States. A theoretical basis for a relationship between fairness and citizenship was drawn from equity theory and other theories of social exchange. Structural equation analysis with LISREL7 found support for four hypotheses, including support for a relationship between perceptions of procedural justice and four of five citizenship dimensions.

Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors : do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship ?

A theoretical model describing interpersonal trust in close relationships is presented. Three dimensions of trust are identified, based on the type of attributions drawn about a partner's motives. These dimensions are also characterized by a developmental progression in the relationship. The validity of this theoretical perspective was examined through evidence obtained from a survey of a heterogeneous sample of established couples. An analysis of the Trust Scale in this sample was consistent with the notion that the predictability, dependability, and faith components represent distinct and coherent dimensions. A scale to measure interpersonal motives was also developed. The perception of intrinsic motives in a partner emerged as a dimension, as did instrumental and extrinsic motives. As expected, love and happiness were closely tied to feelings of faith and the attribution of intrinsic motivation to both self and partner. Women appeared to have more integrated, complex views of their relationships than men: All three forms of trust were strongly related and attributions of instrumental motives in their partners seemed to be self-affirming. Finally, there was a tendency for people to view their own motives as less self-centered and more exclusively intrinsic in flavor than their partner's motives.

Trust in close relationships.

Societal Structures of the Mind

High population density and increased institutional specialization, which are relatively novel features of human society. have provided conditions for a more efficient exchange of universalistic resources, while decreasing the opportunity for exchanging particularistic ones. The parallel with physical environment is striking: in both cases technology has created new problems in the process of solving old ones. Whether it is natural resources or interpersonal resources, physical ecology or social ecology, recognizing and defining the new problem is the first step toward its solution. The importance of particularistic resources in solving problems of modern society has scarcely been recognized. Welfare institutions, for example, often require clients to lose status for the money they receive. This form of exchange deprives the client of a resource which is already scarce for him, thus further reducing his chances of autonomous performance as a resource exchanger in society. By ignoring the significance of particularistic resources for social functioning, we tend to see the solution of social problems exclusively in terms of a better distribution of economic resources. Improvement of education, for instance, is considered almost equivalent to allocating more money for schools. Truly money is one of the neighbors of information in the order, but the other one is status. Evidence to suggest that higher status improves educational achievement has, indeed, been repeatedly reported (26). The very mention of particularistic resources in social planning causes uneasiness and bafflement. The economist Levitan (27), for example, in reviewing the activities of VISTA (a program of the Office of Economic Opportunity), wonders how to evaluate goals such as dedication, involvement, and good feeling. The reluctance to include particularistic resources in social engineering will hopefully decrease as we improve techniques for their observation and measurement and as we begin to understand their rules of exchange and their relationship to other resources. The work described here may constitute a step in such a direction. The opportunity to progress more decisively toward a comprehensive picture of the state of resources in society is provided by the proposal to institute social indicators (28). Properly constructed they could supply much needed information about resource deficiencies that affect the health of society and could suggest. measures to overcome them. The purpose of this article has been to summarize some of the knowledge we already possess about interpersonal resources and to outline its application to certain problems of modern society. It has been shown that when resources are classified into six categories and plotted on a two-coordinate space a definite structural pattern emerges. The position of each resource class in the structure appears related to certain properties which in turn affect differentially the exchange of resources in an urban environment. The structural charateristics of resources provide a theoretical basis for the understanding and solution of social problems in modern culture.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/171/3969/345.full.pdf

Interpersonal and Economic Resources

This chapter is an abridged version of an extensive chapter that Edna and Uriel Foa published in 1976 in which the basic tenets of their resource theory of social exchange are outlined. The authors discuss a variety of details and issues such as the definition and classification of resources as well as the reciprocal relationship between the structure of resources and interpersonal behavior. A number of new exchange rules are proposed, and some consequences of inappropriate exchanges are analyzed. Foa and Foa conclude their chapter with an interesting account of many instances in which SRT is relevant to and useful for the analysis of social issues.

Resource Theory of Social Exchange

Researchers concerned with resource allocation and distributive justice have paid little attention to the nature of the allocated resource, per se, as a determinant of the criterion according to wh

Choice of a Distribution Principle: Crosscultural Evidence on the Effects of Resources:

U.G. Foa, K.T. Tornbolm, E.B. Foa, and J. Converse, Jr. , Introduction: Resource Theory in Social Psychology. Probing the Basic Notions: U.G. Foa, Interpersonal and Economic Resources. J. Converse, Jr., and U.G. Foa, Some Principles of Equity in Interpersonal Exchanges. D. Brinberg and P. Castell, A Resource Exchange Theory Approach to Interpersonal Interactions: A Test of Foa's Theory. U.G. Foa, L.N. Salcedo, K.Y. Tornblom, M. Garner, H. Glaubman, and M. Teichman, Interrelation of Social Resources: Evidence of Pancultural Invariance. Resource Needs and Life Satisfaction: R. Blieszner, Resource Exchange in the Social Networks of Elderly Women. K.Y. Tornblom and B.O. Nilsson, The Effect of Matching Resources to Source on Their Perceived Importance and Sufficiency. J.H. Berg and F.A. Wiebe, Resource Exchange in the Workplace: Exchange of Economic and Interpersonal Resources. K.D. Rettig, S.M. Danes, and J.W. Bauer, Gender Differences in Perceived Family Life Quality among Economically Stressed Farm Families. M. Teichman, H. Glaubman, and M. Garner, From Early Adolescence to Middly-Age Adulthood: The Perceived Need for Interpersonal Resources in Four Developmental Stages. Applications and Integrations: J.H. Berg, K.E. Piner, and S.M. Frank, Resource Theory and Close Relationships. K. Tornblom, P. Sten, K. Pirak, A. Pudas and E. Tornlund, Type of Resource and Choice of Comparison Target. D. Brinberg and S. Ganesan, An Application of Foa's Resource Theory to Product Positioning. L.L'Abate and T. Harel, Deriving, Developing, and Expanding a Theory of Developmental Competence from Resource Exchange Theory. R.A. Hinde, Epilogue. Appendix: A Bibliography of Uriel G. Foa's Publications.

Uriel G. Foa

Papers

Societal Structures of the Mind

Interpersonal and Economic Resources

Resource Theory of Social Exchange

Choice of a Distribution Principle: Crosscultural Evidence on the Effects of Resources:

Resource theory : explorations and applications