Industry 4.0 symbolizes the fourth industrial revolution and the current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. The purpose of this article is to examine the research ...

Critical factors for the successful implementation of Industry 4.0: a review and future research direction

You would imagine thinking about thinking to be the province of psychiatry. This, surprisingly, is not the case. There are many differing views and approaches to the mental world, but these largely reside in the discipline of philosophy. Psychiatry has been taken over by a biomedical model, leaving little space for other considerations; this book attempts to open up that space. 

The path for psychiatry was largely determined by two major social processes of the 18th and 19th centuries: the development of institutions for the insane and the Enlightenment. As society became increasingly complex, institutions emerged for not only the …

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Postpsychiatry: Mental Health in a Postmodern World

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is one of the most widely used business improvement initiatives in both manufacturing and service organizations. For a modern organization to sustainably exist in socie...

Lean Six Sigma and social performance: A review and synthesis of current evidence

Background 

People with mental disorders evince excess mortality due to natural and unnatural deaths. The relative life expectancy of people with mental disorders is a proxy measure of effectiveness of social policy and health service provision.

Aims 

To evaluate trends in health outcomes of people with serious mental disorders.

Method 

We examined nationwide 5-year consecutive cohorts of people admitted to hospital for mental disorders in Denmark, Finland and Sweden in 1987–2006. In each country the risk population was identified from hospital discharge registers and mortality data were retrieved from cause-of-death registers. The main outcome measure was life expectancy at age 15 years.

Results 

People admitted to hospital for a mental disorder had a two- to threefold higher mortality than the general population in all three countries studied. This gap in life expectancy was more pronounced for men than for women. The gap decreased between 1987 and 2006 in these countries, especially for women. The notable exception was Swedish men with mental disorders. In spite of the positive general trend, men with mental disorders still live 20 years less, and women 15 years less, than the general population.

Conclusions 

During the era of deinstitutionalisation the life expectancy gap for people with mental disorders has somewhat diminished in the three Nordic countries. Our results support further development of the Nordic welfare state model, i.e. tax-funded community-based public services and social protection. Health promotion actions, improved access to healthcare and prevention of suicides and violence are needed to further reduce the life expectancy gap.

Outcomes of Nordic mental health systems: life expectancy of patients with mental disorders

ABSTRACT Industry 4.0 revolutionizes the concept of automation and digitization within the organization leading to immense interest in academia and industry. The digitization of an organization in terms of horizontal, vertical, and end-to-end integration would change the roles an employee discharges in an organization. The main purpose of the paper is to successfully develop an employee adaptability road map for the successful implementation of Industry 4.0. This paper critically analyses the previous studies to develop a roadmap of employee adaptability skills for the successful implementation of Industry 4.0. This study uses deductive methodology using a systematic literature review to group and thematically analyse 52 articles to develop the conceptual model. Besides, this study also ranks these dimensions using an empirical study and finds the most critical employee adaptability dimensions. This is the first systematic literature review and empirical study carried out on employee adaptability skills in Industry 4.0.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21693277.2022.2035281?needAccess=true

Employee adaptability skills for Industry 4.0 success: a road map

Byline: Anindya. Das, Urvashi. Rautela Sir, We congratulate Professor Avasthi (2011) [sup][1] on his award paper published in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry (Vol.53, pp.111-120) for a fresh look on the importance of culture in psychiatry and its practice in India. He has pointed out the uniqueness of the discipline; the distinctiveness of Indian psyche; the ill-fitted-ness of Western described clinical syndromes in India; cites certain biological differences implicating mental health of Indians; and discusses various other issues related to service provision and treatment. To us, the paper brings out the importance of culture in psychiatry but its arguments are weak. Such as the case for uniqueness of the discipline, Avasthi argue that similar chronic incurable physical conditions (such as diabetes) have vast differences in terms of diagnostic uniformity and treatment. Yet, we know the assumed diagnostic uniformity in chronic physical disorders often do not reflect as uniformity of practice (in diagnosis and more often in treatment) in widely different cultures, social settings, over different time periods, and in different health systems. On the other hand, expert-driven diagnostic (and management) uniformity is also a truth for psychiatric problems. Similarly, Avasthi constructs the Indian psyche as "fragmented, multifaceted …" due to compartmentalization and contextualization [sup][2] brought about by the onslaught of British colonialism. But the discipline of discursive psychology shows these processes to be universal. In fact, it particularly focuses on how identity, subjectivity, and agency are constructed within available personal, familial, social, and cultural discourse, opening up various "interpretive repertoires" making way for a socially emergent self. [sup][3] Thus, we see compartmentalized and often mutually contradictory ways of dealing with various social and personal situations that define self and identity. Moreover, the distinctive "Indian" influence on "compartmentalization and contextualization" is not just colonialism, traditional values, and modern ways of life but institutional structures, networks, and social movements. [sup][4] Thus, issues of social position/hierarchy, class relations, caste dimensions, religious affiliation, and the political trends of the time needs to be considered to understand the influence of culture on Indian psyche and collective identity. On the other hand, Avasthi rightly points out the incongruence in Western diagnostic systems and Indian ways of manifesting psychological distress, described as "category fallacy." [sup][5] But it confuses us who does the author imply to wield the power to characterize problems. Kirmayer (2006) [sup][6] warns that the ways, by which psychological decompensation is defined, needs evaluation within the context of global systems of knowledge generation and power. Thus, psychiatrists talk about validating (Western) diagnostic systems. Avasthi also notes people's preference for folk medicine to be partly traditionally inspired and partly due to the lack of availability/affordability of health services. We would in addition like to impress on the cultural incongruence of mental health services as a vital reason for this. [sup][7],[8] In addition, the consideration of Indianization of psychotherapeutic practice lacks consideration for the need to understand how the Indian culture perpetuates certain power differentials between the client and the healer (of biomedical kind or otherwise). Culturally appropriate forms of healing (e.g., faith healing, shrine healing, etc.), and their dynamics in terms of power differentials, meaning generation, family role, and manipulation of Indian psyche need consideration for the above task. …

Indianizing Psychiatry - Has the Case Been Made Enough?:

The issue of culture in Indian psychiatry has endured increasing neglect with the burgeoning biological paradigm. This viewpoint debates and demystifies the connotation of "culture" in mainstream psychiatry. As a template to infer dominant thinking in mainstream psychiatry about culture, DLN Murty Rao Oration in 2011, "Indianizing Psychiatry - Is there a case enough?" by Avasthi (2011) (published in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry) has been used. Engaging a broad interdisciplinary view helps unravel the inherent biases in psychiatry and opens up space for analysis of the Indian psyche from a different philosophic tradition and ways of researching it. Effort here is to open up dialog with cultural psychiatry, make efforts to involve traditional and folk therapies, and use available theoretical and empirical resources within cultural psychiatry for a refined practice of psychiatry in India.

Urvashi Rautela

Papers

Indianizing Psychiatry - Has the Case Been Made Enough?:

Indianizing psychiatry – A critique