Angle-resolved photoemission is shown to be a very versatile technique which probes electronic structure as well as geometric structure. All quantum numbers of an electronic state can be determined. In particular, energy and momentum of electrons in a solid are probed by measuring energy and momentum of photoelectrons. Thus, energy versus momentum band dispersions can be measured. Since photoelectrons have a small but tunable escape depth, it is possible to see surface and adsorbate states as well as bulk states. A completely different application of angle-resolved photoemission concerns the atomic positions and bond orientations at surfaces. Photoelectrons from a well-defined atom serve as source for an electron diffraction experiment which is localized to a surface. Another type of experiment uses the emission pattern from adsorbed molecules to determine their orientation.

Angle-resolved measurements of the photoemission of electrons in the study of solids

A comprehensive review is given on photoionization of rare gas atoms using monochromatized synchrotron radiation. Emphasis is put upon the general experimental and theoretical background, and illustrative examples are presented in order to show the present status and the progress in the field during the last decade.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/55/9/003/pdf

Photoionization of atoms using synchrotron radiation

The inverse problem in the calculus of variations and the geometry of the tangent bundle

The R-matrix method, which has been used recently to calculate electron-atom and ion collision cross sections and atomic polarizabilities is extended to enable atomic photoionization processes to be studied. Both the initial atomic bound state and the final atomic continuum state are expanded in terms of R-matrix bases. The method is programmed for a general atomic system and then used to calculate the photoionization cross sections of ground state neon and argon atoms leaving the residual ions in their ground or first excited states. Good agreement is obtained with recent experiments using synchrotron radiation both in resonant and non-resonant regions, showing that the method has a wide range of applicability.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3700/8/16/020/pdf

R-matrix theory of photoionization. Application to neon and argon

http://amo-csd.lbl.gov/downloads/BIB-INNER-SHELL-BY-HITCHCOCK.pdf

V.K. Ivanov

Papers

Interference effects in photoionization of noble gas atoms outer s-subshells

Photoionization cross section of 4d10 Xe, Cs and Ba subshells with account of electron shell rearrangement

The peculiarities of photoelectron angular distribution and ionization cross section of 5p6 subshell in Xe

Stark effect in the spectra of centrosymmetric molecules by means of hole burning and inner electric fields in amorphous media

On the existence of a collective level in the Xe-atom