Part 1: Social Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Text Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Texts, Social Events, and Social Practices 3. Intertextuality and Assumptions Part 2: Genres and Action 4. Genres 5. Meaning Relations between Sentences and Clauses 6. Types of Exchange, Speech Functions, and Grammatical Mood Part 3: Discourses and Representations 7. Discourses 8. Representations of Social Events Part 4: Styles and Identities 9. Styles 10. Modality and Evaluation 11. Conclusion

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Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research

List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements Preface Introduction Attitude: Ways of Feeling Engagement and Graduation: Alignment, Solidarity and the Construed Reader Evaluative Key: Taking a Stance Enacting Appraisal: Text Analysis References Index

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The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English

Scholars have vacillated for centuries between two opposing assessments of the role of poetics in social life. A long tradition of thinking about language and society argues that verbal art provides a central dynamic force in shaping linguistic structure and linguistic study. This position emerges clearly in the writings of Vico, Herder, and von Humboldt; attention from Sapir, the Russian "Formalists," and members of the Prague School to the role of poetics contributed to the development of performance studies and ethnopoe­ tics in the last two decades. Nonetheless, poetics has often been marginalized by anthropologists and linguists who believe that aesthetic uses of language are merely parasitic upon such "core" areas of linguistics as phonology, syntax, and semantics, or upon such anthropological fields as economy and social organization. The balance between these two views shifted in favor of poetics in the late 1970s and early 1980s as a new emphasis on performance directed attention away from study of the formal patterning and symbolic content of texts to the emergence of verbal art in the social interaction between performers and

Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life

Acknowledgements 1. The World in English Introduction: from Hurt Waldheim to Johnny Clegg The natural, neutral and beneficial spread of English The social, cultural and political contexts of English The worldliness of English Conclusion 2. Discourse and Dependency in a Shifting World Introduction: rethinking internationalism Development, aid and modernization Dependency and imperialism Culture, discourse, difference and disjuncture Criket, English and cultural politics 3. English and Colonialism: Origins of a Discourse Introduction: the complexities of colonialism Anglicism and Orientalism: two sides of the colonial coin English for the few: colonial education policies in Malaya Anglicism and English studies Conclusion 4. Spreading the Word/Disciplining the Language Introduction: anti-nomadic disciplines The disciplining of linguistics The disciplining of applied linguistics The spreading and disciplining of discourse of EIL 5. ELT From Development Aid to Global Commodity From cultural propaganda to global business: The British Council 'The West is better...': discourses of ELT English Language Teaching practices as cultural practices Conclusion: the compass of discourse 6. The Worldliness of English in Malaysia Contexts Cultural politics after independence Malay nationalism and English English, class and ethnicity English adn Islam English and the media The debates continue 7. The Worldliness of English in Singapore English as a useful language The making of Singapore Singapore English Pragmatism, multiracialism and meritocratism Pragmatic, multiracial and meritocratic English Conclusion 8. Writing Back: The Appropriation of English Postcolonial English Re-presenting postcolonial worlds Worldy texts in a worldly language Decentered voices: writing in Malaysia Centered voices: writing in Singapore From aestheticism to yuppyism: the new writing in Singapore From writing back to teaching back 9. Towards a Critical Pedagogy for Teaching English as a Worldly Language Critical pedagogies Discourse, language and subjectivity Insurgent knowledges, the classroom and the world References Index

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The cultural politics of English as an international language

A sociolinguistics of globalization

Translators' Preface, 1986 Author's Introduction, 1929 Guide to Translation Translators' Introduction PART 1: THE PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR MARXISM 1. The Study of Ideologies and Philosophy of Language 2. Concerning the Relation of the Basis and Superstructures 3. Philosophy of Language and Objective Psychology PART 2: TOWARD A MARXIST PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE 1. Two Trends of Thought in Philosophy of Language 2. Language, Speech. And Utterance 3. Verbal Interaction 4. Theme and Meaning in Language PART 3: TOWARD A HISTORY OF FORMS OF UTTERANCE IN LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTORS (Study in the Application of the Sociological Method to Problems of Syntax) 1. Theory of Utterance and the Problems of Syntax 2. Exposition of the Problems of Reported Speech 3. Indirect Discourse, Direct Discourse, and Their Modification 4. Quasi-Direct Discourse in French, German, and Russian Appendix 1. On the First Russian Prolegomena to Semiotics Ladislav Matejka Appendix 2. The Formal Method and the Sociological Method (M.M. Baxtin, P.N. Medvedev, (V.N. Volosinov) in Russian Theory and Study of Literature I. R Titunik Index

Marxism and the philosophy of language

Incessantly cited by critics, Bakhtin's work nonetheless remains relatively unavailable: partly through lack of suitable editions, partly because no individual text conveys all the key concepts or arguments. This anthology provides in a convenient format a good selection of the writing by Bakhtin and of that attributed to Voloshinov and Medvedev. It introduces readers to the aspects most relevant to literary and cultural studies and gives a focused sense of Bakhtin's central ideas and the underlying cohesiveness of his thinking. An introductory essay considers the problems of establishing exact authorship within the Bakhtin 'school', and then examines the key ideas and issues Bakhtin pursued throughout his work, with an account of their development and interrelatedness. In particular, his innovative thinking on the productive interaction of consciousness and speech is emphasized and a sense of the 'dialogic' interaction with other current critical and cultural approaches is imparted. The introduction is augmented by a contextualizing commentary accompanying the selected texts and by a glossary of the key terminology. Readers new to the Bakhtin 'school' will find this book an invaluable introduction to a complex and scattered body of work. Those already familiar with some of the texts will find further material and fresh insights.

V. N. Voloshinov

Papers

Marxism and the philosophy of language

The Bakhtin Reader : Selected Writings of Bakhtin, Medvedev, Voloshinov

Freudianism: A Marxist Critique

Marxism and the Philosophy of Language [by] V.N. Volosinov. Translated by Ladislav Matejka and I.R. Titunik

Marxismus und Sprachphilosophie : Grundlegende Probleme der soziologischen Methode in der Sprachwissenschaft