Biosynthesis of milk fat

Dichloroacetamide antidotes enhance thiocarbamate sulfoxide detoxification by elevating corn root glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase activity☆

https://mmbr.asm.org/content/mmbr/36/1/33.full.pdf

Mycobacterial lipids: selected topics.

Acyl Carrier Protein

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids in the rumen. The studies described in the chapter reveal the importance of veterinary problems in stimulating new interest in biochemical processes that might improve foods of animal origin and, thus, human nutrition. They have contributed to one of the most interesting areas of biochemical studies: the molecular basis of evolution. They have allowed the discovery of living biochemical fossils and have helped to elucidate the mechanisms of branched fatty acid biosynthesis and unsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation. Studies on the origin of petroleum in association with studies on biological evolution show that branched-chain hydrocarbon structures derive from the corresponding fatty acid molecules. In fatty acid biohydrogenation, the enzyme responsible for the disappearance of a π bond probably represents a vestige, whose deep biological meaning is now hidden in the rumen, of the mechanisms of energy transformations of primitive organisms, when there was no oxygen in the atmosphere, at the beginning of life on earth.

Metabolism of long chain fatty acids in the rumen

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses fatty acid biosynthesis and the role of the acyl carrier protein. The first indication that fatty acid synthesis is different from the β-oxidation pathway was the observation that bicarbonate is required for fatty acid synthesis in extracts from avian liver. The bicarbonate is required for the synthesis of malonyl CoA, and it is malonyl CoA that directly contributes the two-carbon units for the long-chain fatty acid. Malonyl CoA supplies all but the two methyl terminal carbons of long-chain fatty acids as shown by the stoichiometry experiments. Purification of this synthetase 200-fold demonstrates that all of the enzymes of fatty-acid synthesis were purified together in a single multienzyme complex. The marked substrate specificity of ACP hydrolase enzyme for intact ACP suggests a possible role for this enzyme in the control of fatty acid synthesis. Thus, by regulating the amount of ACP available, this enzyme could regulate fatty-acid synthesis.

Vagelos Pr

Papers

Fatty acid biosynthesis and the role of the acyl carrier protein.