Showing papers by "Valérie Daux published in 2014"

An inverse modeling approach for tree-ring-based climate reconstructions under changing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations

Abstract: Over the last decades, dendroclimatologists have relied upon linear transfer functions to reconstruct historical climate. Transfer functions need to be calibrated using recent data from periods where CO2 concentrations reached un- precedented levels (near 400 ppm - parts per million). Based on these transfer functions, dendroclimatologists must then reconstruct a different past, a past where CO2 concentra- tions were far below 300 ppm. However, relying upon trans- fer functions calibrated in this way may introduce an unantic- ipated bias in the reconstruction of past climate, particularly if CO2 has had a noticeable impact on tree growth and wa- ter use efficiency since the beginning of the industrial era. As an alternative to the transfer function approach, we run the MAIDENiso ecophysiological model in an inverse mode to link together climatic variables, atmospheric CO2 concen- trations and tree growth parameters. Our approach endeavors to find the optimal combination of meteorological conditions that best simulate observed tree ring patterns. We test our approach in the Fontainebleau Forest (France). By compar- ing two different CO2 scenarios, we present evidence that increasing CO2 concentrations have had a slight, yet signif- icant, effect on the reconstruction results. We demonstrate that realistic CO2 concentrations need to be inputted in the inversion so that observed increasing trends in summer tem- perature are adequately reconstructed. Fixing CO2 concen- trations at preindustrial levels (280 ppm) results in undesir- able compensation effects that force the inversion algorithm to propose climatic values that lie outside from the bounds of observed climatic variability. Ultimately, the inversion ap- proach has several advantages over traditional transfer func- tion approaches, most notably its ability to separate climatic effects from CO2 imprints on tree growth. Therefore, our method produces reconstructions that are less biased by an- thropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and that are based on sound ecophysiological knowledge.