Isotherm models for adsorption of heavy metals from water - A review.

High efficiently piezocatalysis degradation of tetracycline by few-layered MoS2/GDY: mechanism and toxicity evaluation

Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, lignocellulosic-derived nanoparticles are very potential materials for drug carriers in drug delivery applications. There are three main lignocellulosic-derived nanoparticles discussed in this review. First, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are an amphiphilic nanoparticle which has versatile interactions toward hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. The synthesis methods of LNPs play an important role in this amphiphilic characteristic. Second, xylan nanoparticles (XNPs) are a hemicellulose-derived nanoparticle, where additional pretreatment is needed to obtain a high purity xylan before the synthesis of XNPs. This process is quite long and challenging, but XNPs have a lot of potential as a drug carrier due to their stronger interactions with various drugs. Third, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a widely exploited nanoparticle, especially in drug delivery applications. CNCs have low cytotoxicity, therefore they are suitable for use as a drug carrier. The research possibilities for these three nanoparticles are still wide and there is potential in drug delivery applications, especially for enhancing their characteristics with further surface modifications adjusted to the drugs.

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A Review of Lignocellulosic-Derived Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications: Lignin Nanoparticles, Xylan Nanoparticles, and Cellulose Nanocrystals.

Abstract Although studies indicate chemical changes during bleaching such as carotene and unsaturated fatty acids oxidation, which are probably responsible for the color fixation of palm oil, this process is not very clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of type and amount of bleaching earth (BE) on the final quality of refined palm oils, especially on the oxidative state and color. Two types of bleaching earth were tested, one natural (NBE) and one acid-activated (ABE) (0.5–3.0% w/w). Crude palm oils were bleached at 105 °C, during 30 min at 50 mmHg pressure. Afterwards, a deodorization step was performed at 260 °C, 3 mbar, 1.5% steam during 60 min. These refining procedures were evaluated after each step by measuring β-carotene, color, peroxide (PV) and p-anisidine (pAV) values. It was observed that both BE can decompose peroxides. However, a maximum pAV followed by a decrease was observed for ABE while the pAV remains approximately constant at a maximum for NBE, suggesting only ABE catalytically decomposes secondary oxidation products. The color after deodorization was inversely proportional to pAV when bleaching was performed with ABE, even though the oil has a lighter color after deodorization.

Effect of Type of Bleaching Earth on Final Color of Refined Palm oil

Highly selective adsorption of phosphate from high-salinity water environment using MgO-loaded and sodium alginate-immobilized bentonite beads

Rhodamine B (RhB) is classified as one of the most hazardous pollutants due to its toxic and carcinogenic nature. This study uses a new class of adsorbent, polystyrene-templated hollow mesoporous magnetite (HMM), to remove RhB from the aqueous solution via simultaneous adsorption and degradation. The obtained HMM is spherical with a 320 – 350 nm particle size. The particle is integrated with a hollow core at ca. 230 nm in diameter. HMM possesses a porous interior, with the respective specific surface area and pore volume of 132.0 m2/g and 0.63 cm3/g. Its adsorption/desorption isotherm exhibits the typical type-IV IUPAC classification with the H4-type hysteresis profile, indicating the presence of mesoporous wedged-shaped pores. The influences of three independent variables on the RhB removal rate are studied, including pH, adsorbent loading mc, and temperature T. The highest removal rate of RhB is obtained at 99.7% when pH = 6, mc = 0.8 wt%, T = 50 °C, and time = 240 min. The study suggests that the whole removal process of RhB follows the pseudo-second-order law and multilayer mechanism and is generally favorable, spontaneous, and endothermic. Further elaboration using the multi-linear IPD shows that surface diffusion plays a major role in removing RhB. At the same time, the modified Langmuir also considers the Fenton degradation reaction as one of the factors that promote the dye removal, particularly in higher T. Based on the study, HMM exhibits excellent performance in removing RhB by facilitating both adsorption and Fenton reaction in a one-step process. 

Polystyrene-templated Hollow Mesoporous Magnetite As A Bifunctional Adsorbent for the Removal of Rhodamine B Via Simultaneous Adsorption and Degradation

Protocatechuic acid-metal-nicotine complexation study for chelation of smoking-related poisoning

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the M. tuberculosis bacteria infection and is listed as one of the deadliest diseases to date. Despite the development of antituberculosis drugs, the need for long-term drug consumption and low patient commitment are obstacles to the success of TB treatment. A continuous drug delivery system that has a long-term effect is needed to reduce routine drug consumption intervals, suppress infection, and prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. For this reason, biomolecule metal-organic framework (BioMOF) with good biocompatibility, nontoxicity, bioactivity, and high stability are becoming potential drug carriers. This study used a bioactive protocatechuic acid (PCA) as organic linker to prepare copper-based BioMOF Cu-PCA under base-modulated conditions. Detailed crystal analysis by the powder X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the Cu-PCA, with a chemical formula of C14H16O13Cu3, crystalizes as triclinic in space group P1. Comprehensive physicochemical characterizations were provided using FTIR, SEM, XPS, TGA, EA, and N2 sorption. As a drug carrier, Cu-PCA showed a high maximum rifampicin (RIF) drug loading of 443.01 mg/g. Upon resuspension in PBS, the RIF and linkers release profile exhibited two-stage release kinetic profiles, which are well described by the Biphasic Dose Response (BiDoseResp) model. A complete release of these compounds (RIF and PCA) was achieved after ~9 h of mixing in PBS. Cu-PCA and RIF@Cu-PCA possessed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, and good biocompatibility is evidenced by the high viability of MH-S mice alveolar macrophage cells upon supplementations. 

Vania Bundjaja

Papers

Polystyrene-templated Hollow Mesoporous Magnetite As A Bifunctional Adsorbent for the Removal of Rhodamine B Via Simultaneous Adsorption and Degradation

Protocatechuic acid-metal-nicotine complexation study for chelation of smoking-related poisoning

Biocompatible and biodegradable copper-protocatechuic metal-organic frameworks as rifampicin carrier.