Obesity and the risk of heart failure

Unbiased Stereology. Three‐Dimensional Measurement in Microscopy.

The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction.

Factors affecting the clinical success of screw implants used as orthodontic anchorage

Background The objective of this review is to inform practitioners about dentin hypersensitivity (DH) and its management. This clinical information is described in the context of the underlying biology. Types of Studies Reviewed The authors used MEDLINE to find relevant English-language literature published in the period 1999 to 2005. They used combinations of the search terms “dentin*,” “tooth,” “teeth,” “hypersensit*,” “desensiti*” and “desensitiz*.” They read abstracts and then full articles to identify studies describing etiology, prevalence, clinical features, controlled clinical trials of treatments and relevant laboratory research on mechanisms of action. Results The prevalence of DH varies widely, depending on the mode of investigation. Potassium-containing toothpastes are the most widely used at-home treatments. Most in-office treatments employ some form of “barrier,” either a topical solution or gel or an adhesive restorative material. The reported efficacy of these treatments varies, with some having no better efficacy than the control treatments. Possible reasons for this variability are discussed. A flowchart summarizes the various treatment strategies. Clinical Implications DH is diagnosed after elimination of other possible causes of the pain. Desensitizing treatment should be delivered systematically, beginning with prevention and at-home treatments. The latter may be supplemented with in-office modalities.

Managing dentin hypersensitivity

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in whole saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis. Moreover, the relationship among the oxidative damage biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes activities and clinical periodontal status were investigated.

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Increased Levels of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and Malondialdehyde and its Relationship with Antioxidant Enzymes in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients

Background The authors assessed the levels of postoperative pain, postoperative dentin hypersensitivity and discomfort patients experienced during various periodontal treatments by using a visual analog scale (VAS). They aimed to determine whether VAS scores could be predicted by patient's age and sex and to evaluate the factors associated with the pain. Subjects and Methods The study was carried out with 56 patients who had chronic periodontitis. Using a split-mouth design, the authors selected one quadrant in each patient and treated it with scaling and root planing (SRP). They treated other quadrants with the surgical therapies of modified Widman flap (MWF), flap with osseous resection (OF) and gingivectomy (GV), depending on the patient's diagnosis and treatment needs. They measured patients' discomfort during periodontal treatments, postoperative pain and postoperative dentin hypersensitivity by asking patients to mark a VAS. Results The authors' analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the patients' discomfort levels associated with the four therapy types during periodontal treatment. However, postoperative pain was significantly higher for OF ( P P Conclusions Discomfort during periodontal treatments, postoperative pain and postoperative dentin hypersensitivity were associated significantly with age, type of therapy and higher scores on Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale. Clinical Implications Periodontal treatment is experienced as painful by substantial numbers of patients. Therefore, the dentist should count the pain responses during and after treatment and estimate the degree of pain according to sex, age and therapy type.

https://jada.ada.org/article/S0002-8177(14)63802-2/pdf

Pain experienced by patients undergoing different periodontal therapies.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as important signaling molecules in the regulation of various cellular processes. They can be generated by the mitochondrial electron transport chain in mitochondria and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during inflammatory conditions. Excessive generation of ROS may result in attack of and damage to most intracellular and extracellular components in a living organism. Moreover, ROS can directly induce and/or regulate apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Periodontal pathologies are inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Several forms of periodontal diseases are associated with activated PMN. Damage of tissues in inflammatory periodontal pathologies can be mediated by ROS resulting from the physiological activity of PMN during the phagocytosis of periodontopathic bacteria.

Reactive oxygen species and human inflammatory periodontal diseases

Objective: To investigate the association between periodontal disease and pre-eclampsia, while controlling known risk factors for pre-eclampsia.



Methods: A matched case-control study was carried out on 41 pre-eclamptic women and 41 normotensive, healthy, pregnant, control women. The pre-eclamptic women and controls were individually matched for age, gravidity, parity, smoking and prenatal care. The number of teeth and the number of restorations and decay on all tooth surfaces, and clinical periodontal parameters, excluding third molars were determined within 48 h before delivery. The relation of independent variables to pre-eclampsia was assessed using conditional multiple logistic regression analysis on subject-based data.



Results: There were no statistically significant differences in mean percentages of sites with plaque between groups. The mean probing depth (PD) and mean clinical attachment level (CAL) for pre-eclamptic patients were significantly greater compared to those of normotensive patients (P < 0.01). The percentage of sites exhibiting bleeding on probing (BOP) (P < 0.05), the number of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and with CAL ≥ 3 mm was significantly higher among pre-eclamptic patients than those with normotensive patients (P < 0.01). Conditional multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that periodontal disease and triglycerides level were significantly associated with pre-eclampsia. Other independent variables (maternal body weight and serum total cholesterol level) did not appear to be associated with pre-eclampsia. Conditional multiple logistic regression results showed that pre-eclamptic patients were 3.47 (95% CI = 1.07–11.95) times more likely to have periodontal disease than normotensive patients.



Conclusion: The present study shows that maternal periodontal disease during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for the development of pre-eclampsia. The higher incidence of periodontal disease parameters in pre-eclamptic group would suggest a possible role for periodontal disease in the development of pre-eclampsia. The nature both of periodontitis and pre-eclampsia is multifactorial, and caution should be exercised when implicating periodontal disease in causation of pre-eclampsia.

Periodontal disease as a risk factor for pre-eclampsia: A case control study

Aim: To evaluate the possible link between the severity of periodontal disease and pre-eclampsia and to correlate this link to clinical periodontal parameters and interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and prostaglandins (PGE2) levels in both gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum.

Material and Methods: Fifty-nine pregnant women (20 mild pre-eclampsia, 18 severe pre-eclampsia, and 21 healthy pregnant women) were included in the study. Dental and periodontal recordings as well as GCF and blood samples were obtained within 48 h preceding delivery.

Results: The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a highly significant association between mild to severe pre-eclampsia and severe periodontal disease (p<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders (smoking, body weight, socioeconomic status, education level, and age), severe pre-eclamptic women were 3.78 (1.77–12.74) times more likely to present severe periodontal disease than normotensive pregnant women. This odds ratio (OR) was 2.43 (1.13–8.19) for mild pre-eclamptic women. IL-1β, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels in both serum and GCF were also significantly higher in the pre-eclamptic groups than the normotensive women.

Conclusions: These results indicate that the presence and severity of periodontal disease seems to increase the risk for not only the occurrence but also the severity of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women.

Varol Canakci

Papers

Increased Levels of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and Malondialdehyde and its Relationship with Antioxidant Enzymes in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients

Pain experienced by patients undergoing different periodontal therapies.

Reactive oxygen species and human inflammatory periodontal diseases

Periodontal disease as a risk factor for pre-eclampsia: A case control study

Periodontal disease increases the risk of severe pre-eclampsia among pregnant women.