In this chapter we will be concentrating on one of the key processes in the ‘cultural circuit’ (see Du Gay et al., 1997, and the Introduction to this volume) – the practices of representation. The aim of this chapter is to introduce you to this topic, and to explain what it is about and why we give it such importance in cultural studies. The concept of representation has come to occupy a new and important place in the study of culture. Representation connects meaning and language to culture. But what exactly do people mean by it? What does representation have to do with culture and meaning? One common-sense usage of the term is as follows: ‘Representation means using language to say something meaningful about, or to represent, the world meaningfully, to other people.’ You may well ask, ‘Is that all?’ Well, yes and no. Representation is an essential part of the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture. It does involve the use of language, of signs and images which stand for or represent things. But this is a far from simple or straightforward process, as you will soon discover. How does the concept of representation connect meaning and language to culture? In order to explore this connection further, we will look at a number of different theories about how language is used to represent the world. Here we will be drawing a distinction between three different accounts or theories: the reflective, the intentional and the constructionist approaches to representation. Does language simply reflect a meaning which already exists out there in the world of objects, people and events (reflective)? Does language express only what the speaker or writer or painter wants to say, his or her personally intended meaning (intentional)? Or is meaning constructed in and through language (constructionist)? You will learn more in a moment about these three approaches. Most of the chapter will be spent exploring the constructionist approach, because it is this perspective which has had the most significant impact on cultural studies in recent years. This CHAPTER ONE

From Work to Representation

Adeyeye, B., Amodu, L., Oscar, O., Omojola, O., Adesina, E., & Ben-Enukora, C. A. (2020). A SWOT analysis of indigenous language use in agricultural radio programming in Nigeria. In K. O. Oyesomi & A. Salawu (Eds.), Emerging trends in Indigenous language media, communication, gender, and health (pp. 188–209). IGI Global. Aitkin, H., Hambly, H., & McKnight-Howe, T. (2020). Three Helens: Canadian women in international farm radio. In G. A. Bonin-Labelle (Ed.), Women in radio: Unfiltered voices from Canada (pp. 183–208). Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press. Alfandika, L., & Gwindingwe, G. (2020). The airwaves belong to the people: A critical analysis of radio broadcasting and licensing in Zimbabwe. Communicatio, 1–17. Almeida, E. M., & Viana, L. H. V. (2020). Technology and community communication: the use of the radio broadcasting as a strategy for urban sustainability. Culture & Territory, 4, 215–226. Akrofi-Quarcoo, S., & Gadzekpo, A. (2020). Indigenizing radio in Ghana. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, 18(1), 95–112. Anderson, H., Backhaus, B., Fox, J., & Bedford, C. (2020). Fifty years of resistance and representation: A historical account of Australian community radio. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 27(2), 234–254. Aujla-Sidhu, G. (2020). Producing diversity in BBC radio. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, 18(1), 113–129. Awofadeju, P. O., & Ogwuche, P. O. (2020). Journalists’ perception of the role of research in investigative journalism in Nigeria: Case of unique 103.1 FM radio station, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria. Media & Communication Currents, 4(1), 91–114. Barber, J. F. (2020). The war of the worlds broadcast: Fake news or engaging storytelling? In J. A. Hendricks (Ed.), Radio’s second century: Past, present, and future perspectives (pp. 96–118). New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. Barnett, K. (2020). Record cultures: The transformation of the U.S. recording industry. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Bathgate, G. (2020). Radio broadcasting: A history of the airwaves. Yorkshire: Pen and Sword History. Berry, R. (2020). Radio, music, podcasts BBC sounds: Public service radio and podcasts in a platform world. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, 18(1), 63–78. Blaney, J. R. (2020). Social media analytics, radio advertising, and strategic partnerships. Radio’s second century: Past, present, and future perspectives (pp. 53–64). New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. JOURNAL OF RADIO & AUDIO MEDIA 2021, VOL. 28, NO. 2, 344–354 https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2021.1944718

Radio and audio in 2020

Chapter 4. The Media and Language Maintenance

Radio komunitas didirikan untuk melayani kepentingan dan kebutuhan komunitas. Akan tetapi, dalam perkembangannya, radio komunitas tidak dapat sepenuhnya beroperasi sesuai aspirasi anggotanya. Radio komunitas juga harus beradaptasi dengan beragam perkembangan agar dapat mempertahankan kelangsungan eksistensinya. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Radio Komunitas Dapur Remaja (RKDR) di Cinangka, Sawangan, Depok, Jawa Barat ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji gap komunikasi antargenerasi dalam pengelolaan radio komunitas di perkotaan setelah generasi kedua memimpin manajemen. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivis kritis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui FGD, wawancara mendalam, dan observasi lapangan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa terjadi gap komunikasi antara pengelola baru dengan anggota komunitas lama, yang disebabkan adanya perubahan pola interaksi komunikasi secara sosial dan budaya, yang berdampak pada perbedaan pemahaman mengenai pengelolaan radio komunitas. Pengelola radio komunitas, yang merupakan generasi muda, dianggap kurang mengakomodasi kegiatan komunitas sebelumnya dan lebih fokus memikirkan strategi baru untuk mendulang profit dari radio komunitas, sehingga partisipasi komunitas, nilai-nilai dan kepentingan komunitas kurang diperhatikan.

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Gap komunikasi antargenerasi dalam pengelolaan radio komunitas di wilayah urban

The hstric literature of India contains a native theory about the origin and structure of caste society. This theory is examined .first through those propositions w-hich set .forth the duties of castes and the proper relations between them, but because the propositions and the texts themselves portend more than a statement o f proper caste relations and seek to resolve a discontinuity between revealed doctrine and everyday practice, the analssis shfis to what it is that constitutes this problem as a problem. Indologists and anthropologists alike have dismissed the native solution, but in so doing have failed to understand what really motivated it. This paper argues that the apparent problem-the existence of more castes than doctrine allowed-and the apparent solution -new castes arise through miscegenation-presuppose other more fundamental notions about the relation between cosmic and social order, and it is with reference to these, rather than the presuppositions of Indologj~ and anthropology, that the problem and its solution must be understood.

A Point of Order

This article analyzes the role of community radio broadcasting in promoting indigenous minority languages and cultures in selected parts of Malawi. The study collected empirical data from two commu...

The Role of Community Radio in Promotion of Indigenous Minority Languages and Cultures in Malawi

This article analyses media representations of Joyce Banda, Malawi's first female president, by newspaper editorial cartoons. A total of 50 cartoons were collected, comprising Point of Order and Pu...

Caring Mother or Weak Politician? A Semiotic Analysis of Editorial Cartoon Representations of President Joyce Banda in Malawian Newspapers

Employing Fuchs Alternative Media Theory—critical mass communication platforms for the marginalised and oppressed—this chapter argues that local reggae music in Malawi functions as a central component of a critical communication channel against the repressive political elite We argue that popular culture (specifically reggae music) can be viewed as Alternative Media, against the background of mainstream (read politically linked) media ownership structures in Malawi

Victor Chikaipa

Papers

The Role of Community Radio in Promotion of Indigenous Minority Languages and Cultures in Malawi

Caring Mother or Weak Politician? A Semiotic Analysis of Editorial Cartoon Representations of President Joyce Banda in Malawian Newspapers

Popular Culture as Alternative Media: Reggae Music, Culture and Politics in Malawi’s Democracy