The involvement of ROS generation on Epoxiconazole-induced toxicity in HCT116 cells.

Potential chromosome damage, cell-cycle kinetics/and apoptosis induced by epoxiconazole in bovine peripheral lymphocytes in vitro.

Tebuconazole induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in adult rat heart

Chromosomal aberrations and their mechanisms have been studied for many years in livestock. In cattle, chromosomal abnormalities are often associated with serious reproduction-related problems, such as infertility of carriers and early mortality of embryos. In the present work, we review the mechanisms and consequences of the most important bovine chromosomal aberrations: Robertsonian translocations and reciprocal translocations. We also discuss the application of bovine cell cultures in genotoxicity studies.

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Chromosomal Aberrations in Cattle.

Neuroprotective effects of Myricetin on Epoxiconazole-induced toxicity in F98 cells.

Potential genotoxic/cytotoxic effects of the epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph-based fungicide were investigated using single cell gel electrophoresis and cytogenetic assays: chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, micronuclei and fluorescence in situ hybridization in cultured bovine lymphocytes. No statistically significant elevations of DNA damage and increases in cytogenetic endpoints were seen. However, evident cytotoxic effect presented as a decrease in mitotic and proliferation indices were recorded after exposure of bovine lymphocytes to the fungicide for 24 and 48 h at concentrations ranging from 3 to 15 µg mL(-1) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). Similarly, for 24 h an inhibition in the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) was obtained after exposure to the fungicide at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 15 µg mL(-1) (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) in each donor.

Evaluation of potential genotoxic/cytotoxic effects induced by epoxiconazole and fenpropimorph-based fungicide in bovine lymphocytes in vitro.

The effects of triazole fungicide Tango® (epoxiconazole) and two neonicotinoid insecticide formulations Mospilan® (acetamiprid) and Calypso® (thiacloprid) were investigated in Candida albicans and three non-albicans species Candida pulcherrima, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis to assess the range of morphological, metabolic and genetic changes after their exposure to pesticides. Moreover, the bioavailability of pesticides, which gives us information about their metabolization was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The tested pesticides caused differences between the cells of the same species in the studied populations in response to ROS accumulation, the level of DNA damage, changes in fatty acids (FAs) and phospholipid profiles, change in the percentage of unsaturated to saturated FAs or the ability to biofilm. In addition, for the first time, the effect of tested neonicotinoid insecticides on the change of metabolic profile of colony cells during aging was demonstrated. Our data suggest that widely used pesticides, including insecticides, may increase cellular diversity in the Candida species population-known as clonal heterogeneity-and thus play an important role in acquiring resistance to antifungal agents.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/8/848/pdf

Synthetic Pesticides Used in Agricultural Production Promote Genetic Instability and Metabolic Variability in Candida spp.

Abstract Nowadays many chemicals are widely used in agriculture to ensure high crop yields or in veterinary/human medicine to cure diseases. After their improper usage they may contaminate the environment, persist in it and adversely affect both the target and/or the non-target organisms. One of the ways to detect the occurrence of chemicals in the environment is to assess their impact on aquatic and farm animals; both are directly or indirectly exposed via their feed and water. The micronucleus assay is a standardly used cytogenetic test for the simultaneous detection of clastogenic and aneugenic agents. Additionally, cytotoxic effects are also assessed by analysing the proliferation changes using the cytokinesis-blocked proliferation index. The occurrence of micronuclei is analysed in many types of cells like the peripheral blood cells, bone marrow or cell lines according to standards for micronuclei detection. The analysis of published results has shown that the micronucleus assay is, together with the chromosomal aberration test, one of the most often used test in genotoxicity assessment. Its results have contributed to reassessing the use of multiple chemicals available on the market. Moreover, it is a compulsory test before approving the chemical/ pesticide for the market.

/pdf/micronucleus-assay-in-environmental-biomonitoring-1o2id7b0dm.pdf

Micronucleus Assay in Environmental Biomonitoring

Abstract Acetamiprid, that is known as the commercial formulation Mospilan® 20SP is the part of the neonicotinoid insecticide group and is widely used against various pests. In our study we assessed the potential clastogenic effects of Mospilan® in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro using a chromosome aberration test. The lymphocytes were treated with acetamiprid in the concentration range of 5, 10, 25 and 50 µg.ml−1 for 24 and 48 h. After 24 h exposure, the insecticide induced statistically significant higher levels of chromosome aberrations from the concentration of 10 µg.ml−1 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) and a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) at the concentrations of 25 and 50 µg.ml−1 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), respectively. After a 48 h exposure, we found a dose dependent increase in the percentage of chromosome aberrations at all concentrations (P < 0.05; P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) and a decrease in MI at concentrations of 25 and 50 µg.ml−1 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Our results indicated that neonicotinoid insecticide formulations containing acetamiprid may have potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.

/pdf/assessment-of-potential-clastogenic-effect-of-the-44q9u8qka6.pdf

Viera Schwarzbacherová

Papers

Evaluation of potential genotoxic/cytotoxic effects induced by epoxiconazole and fenpropimorph-based fungicide in bovine lymphocytes in vitro.

Synthetic Pesticides Used in Agricultural Production Promote Genetic Instability and Metabolic Variability in Candida spp.

Micronucleus Assay in Environmental Biomonitoring

Assessment of Potential Clastogenic Effect of the Insecticide Mospilan® 20SP in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes After in Vitro Exposure