The purpose of this study was to reduce the hemolysis of artificial red blood cells by extracting phospolipids from egg yolk through microencapsulation to evaluate the oxygen transfer rate of artificial red blood cells in an intravascular artificial lung device. In this study, hemosome was produced to encapsulate hemoglobin which extracted the red blood cell of bovine blood with phospolipids reduced egg yolk. The solution blended blood with hemosome at the rate of 4 to 1 and normal blood measured the oxygen transfer rate. The hemolysis of the microencapsulated artificial red blood cell measured less than the normal red blood cell through absorptivity. Due to the phospolipids enclosing the red blood cell to protect it, the produced hemosome operated at a higher oxygen transfer rate by reducing the demolition of hemoglobin. Consequently, hemolysis was observed to advance through micoencapsulation.

Microencapsulation 헤모글로빈 인공적혈구의 용혈

Drug-lactose binding aspects in adhesive mixtures: controlling performance in dry powder inhaler formulations by altering lactose carrier surfaces.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green solvents used to dissolve non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for potential non-aqueous liquid administration applications. Several NSAIDs are readily soluble in various DESs to a high concentration. Aspirin, a hydrolabile NSAID, was 8.2-fold more stable against cleavage in DES than in water.

Significantly improving the solubility of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in deep eutectic solvents for potential non-aqueous liquid administration

Introduction: Today, the properties of many new chemical entities have shifted towards higher molecular weights and this in turn increases the lipophilicity hence decreasing aqueous solubility The low solubility of drugs usually has in vivo consequences such as low bioavailability, increased chance of food effect and incomplete release from the dosage form Areas covered: The present review discusses the advantages of the liquisolid technology in formulation design of poorly water soluble drugs for dissolution enhancement and highly water soluble drugs for slow release pattern Expert opinion: With the advent of high throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry, it has been shown that most of the new chemical entities have a high lipophilicity and poor aqueous solubility, hence poor bioavailability In order to improve the bioavailability, the release rate of these drugs should be enhanced Although there are multiple technologies to tackle this issue, they are not cost effective due to the involveme

Drug release from liquisolid systems: speed it up, slow it down.

Thermally conductive PP/AlN composites with a 3-D segregated structure

For complete absorption and good bioavailability of orally
administered drug, the drug must be dissolved in gastric
fluids. Dissolution of drug is the rate-controlling step which
determines the rate and degree of absorption. Drugs with
slow dissolution rates generally show erratic and incomplete absorption leading to low bioavailability when administered orally. Since aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate of BCS class II and class IV drugs is a major challenge in the drug development and delivery processes, improving aqueous solubility and slow dissolution of BCS Class II and Class IV drugs have been investigated extensively. Various techniques have been used in attempt to improve solubility and dissolution rates of poorly water soluble drugs which include solid dispersion, micronization, lipid based formulations, melt granulation, direct compaction, solvent evaporation, coprecipitation, adsorption, ordered mixing, liquisolid compacts, solvent deposition inclusion complexation
and steam aided granulation. In these techniques carrier
plays an important role in improving solubility and dissolution rate. Polymers, superdisintegrants, surfactants are extensively studied in recent years for dissolution enhancement in drugs. This part of this review discusses technological overview and effect of polymers,
superdisintegrants and surfactants on dissolution
enhancement of drugs while Part II [Int J Health Res, Sept
2009; 2(3)] describes the role and applications of
cyclodextrins, carbohydrates, hydrotropes, polyglocolized
glycerides, dendrimers, acids and miscellaneous carriers in
enhancing dissolution of drugs.

Keywords: Dissolution enhancement; aqueous solubility,
water soluble carriers; BCS class II, excipients.

/pdf/dissolution-enhancement-of-drugs-part-i-technologies-and-33w8l3nv2q.pdf

Dissolution enhancement of drugs. part i: technologies and effect of carriers

Recent high throughput screening and combinatorial and
parallel synthesis are increasing the number of drug
molecules which are highly lipophilic. The oral route is the
most preferred route of drug administration due to its
convenience, good patient compliance and low medicine
production costs. The challenges to formulation scientists
have tremendously increased due to the pressure of
formulating these lipophilic drugs into oral drug delivery
systems. Reports in patent and scientific literature are also
increasing day by day which shows the interest of industrial
and academic research in dissolution enhancement of poorly
water soluble drugs. Part I [Int J Health Res, Jun 2009;
2(2):107-124] of this review was a technological overview on
various dissolution enhancement techniques for poorly water
soluble drugs and role of few water soluble carriers, viz.
polymers, superdisintegrants and surfactants, in dissolution
enhancement. This part describes the use of cyclodextrin,
carbohydrates, hydrotropes, polyglocolized glycerides,
dendrimers, acids and miscellaneous carriers in enhancing
dissolution of drugs.

 Keywords: Dissolution enhancement; aqueous solubility, water soluble carriers; lipophilic, excipients.

/pdf/dissolution-enhancement-of-drugs-part-ii-effect-of-carriers-55qbihulhk.pdf

Dissolution Enhancement of Drugs. Part II: Effect of Carriers

Ordered mixing is an alternative to perfect mixing to achieve a more homogeneous mixture than that obtained by random mixing. An ordered mix can be achieved by dry mixing, triboelectrification, milling, adhesion, coating, and fluidization processes. Ordered mixing regulates the particle size of the drug and alters the particle shape to minimize segregation and agglomeration. Factors like shape, size, surface texture, crystallinity, particle attraction and proportion of components affect the quality of ordered mixtures. Processing parameters like blending time, shear forces and mechanism of mixing also play a significant role in forming ordered mixtures. Ordered mixtures are used to increase the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs by using a water-soluble carrier and the appropriate covering of the coarser carrier particles with drug. In micro-dose formulations, ordered mixing increases the homogeneity of the powder blend and, thus, it is used to control the content uniformity within pharmacopoeial limits in the finished dosage forms. Surface texture improvement is also beneficial in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Ordered mixtures have also found their use in bioadhesive, sublingual and other fast dissolving formulations in order to improve drug absorption. This review provides an overview of ordered mixing vis a vis current advances in the field of drug delivery and formulation.

Ordered mixing: mechanism, process and applications in pharmaceutical formulations

Strychnos nux-vomica seeds: Pharmacognostical standardization, extraction, and antidiabetic activity

Modification of the surface properties of particles, which is usually achieved by coating, is desirable to maintain and enhance the utility of these particles. Saving of time, energy, number of additives, process steps and consequently, the cost of the coating process leads to development of dry coating processes using mechanical methods which exclude any liquid solvent or binder solution and are environmentally safe, and cost-effective. Mechanofusion, hybridization, magnetic assisted impaction coating, theta-composer, rotating fluidized bed coating, pressure swing granulation and high shear mixing have been extensively patented and reported in the scientific literature. These mechanical methods have found multidisciplinary applications in drug development and drug delivery. Various devices available for the dry coating process, their principle, method of working, benefits and limitations along with various applications relevant to the pharmaceutical field are discussed in the current article.

Vikas Anand Saharan

Papers

Dissolution enhancement of drugs. part i: technologies and effect of carriers

Dissolution Enhancement of Drugs. Part II: Effect of Carriers

Ordered mixing: mechanism, process and applications in pharmaceutical formulations

Strychnos nux-vomica seeds: Pharmacognostical standardization, extraction, and antidiabetic activity

Mechanical Methods for Dry Particle Coating Processes and Their Applications in Drug Delivery and Development