Jenny Schneider,*,† Masaya Matsuoka,‡ Masato Takeuchi,‡ Jinlong Zhang, Yu Horiuchi,‡ Masakazu Anpo,‡ and Detlef W. Bahnemann*,† †Institut fur Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universitaẗ Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany ‡Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai Osaka 599-8531, Japan Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

Understanding TiO2 photocatalysis: mechanisms and materials.

Photochemical splitting of water for hydrogen production by photocatalysis: A review

Photocatalytic water treatment using nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (NTO) is a well-known advanced oxidation process (AOP) for environmental remediation. With the in situ generation of electron-hole pairs upon irradiation with light, NTO can mineralize a wide range of organic compounds into harmless end products such as carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic ions. Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of pollutants by NTO is a topic of debate and the mostly reporting Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics must accompanied with proper experimental evidences. Different NTO morphologies or surface treatments on NTO can increase the photocatalytic efficiency in degradation reactions. Wisely designed photocatalytic reactors can decrease energy consumption or can avoid post-separation stages in photocatalytic water treatment processes. Doping NTO with metals or non-metals can reduce the band gap of the doped catalyst, enabling light absorption in the visible region. Coupling NTO photocatalysis with other water-treatment technologies can be more beneficial, especially in large-scale treatments. This review describes recent developments in the field of photocatalytic water treatment using NTO.

/pdf/photocatalytic-water-treatment-by-titanium-dioxide-recent-2e04t4jvkf.pdf

Photocatalytic Water Treatment by Titanium Dioxide: Recent Updates

Inspired by natural processes, there is an enormous interest in light-driven water splitting to convert solar energy into electrical and chemical energy. This approach is thought to be able to eventually solve the main energy problem that society will face more dramatically in the near future. The water oxidation reaction is widely considered a major barrier for utilizing solar energy in artificial photosynthesis. Due to the relatively high overpotential and slow kinetics of the reaction, numerous efforts are made on the development of non-noble metal oxygen evolution catalysts such as transition metal oxides. Among them, cobalt-oxide-based materials have shown decent activity and thus present themselves as a promising candidate. In this perspective, we summarize the state of the art in synthesis of cobalt-oxide-based materials and application as water oxidation catalysts through electrochemical, photochemical, and photoelectrochemical approaches. Additionally, we state the future challenges that are crit...

Cobalt-Oxide-Based Materials as Water Oxidation Catalyst: Recent Progress and Challenges

Review: emphasis on processes that are essential in terms of photovoltaic and photocatlytic cells; 655 refs.

Theoretical Insights into Photoinduced Charge Transfer and Catalysis at Oxide Interfaces

Herein, we report a facile synthesis method for highly ordered hexagonal P6m mesoporous palladium doped titania nanoarchitectures using the F127 triblock copolymer as a template. The mesoporous Pd/TiO2 nanoarchitectures possess high surface areas of 223 m2g−1 and large pore volumes of 0.42 cm3g−1 at 300 °C that are reduced to 162 m2g−1 and 0.29 cm3g−1, respectively, as a result of calcination at 450 °C with their tunable mesopore diameter ranging from 5.7 to 8.3 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements evince that the framework of the highly crystalline mesoporous Pd/TiO2 is composed of aligned anatase phase grown along the [101] direction. The Pd nanoparticles are well dispersed and exhibit sizes of about 20 nm and they are separated by 1.95 A, which agrees with the (200) lattice spacing of face-centered cubic Pd. The newly prepared photocatalysts have been compared with Pd photodeposited onto the commercial photocatalyst Sachtleben Hombikat UV-100 by the determination of the rate of HCHO ...

Palladium Doped Porous Titania Photocatalysts: Impact of Mesoporous Order and Crystallinity

Lead niobate Pb3Nb4O13 was synthesized via chemical coprecipitation method and additionally deposited on silica Aerosil nanoparticles. The thus synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV−vis reflectance spectroscopy, light scattering, and electron microscopy. Several samples were tested for the photocatalytic rhodamine B degradation at different pH values focusing on a determination of the degradation mechanism, that is, either the direct oxidative mineralization to carbon dioxide and water or the deethylation yielding the 4-fold deethylated rhodamine 110. For unsupported lead niobates, the degradation rates increase with decreasing pH value, while pH variation has no influence on degradation rates of Aerosil supported samples. An adsorption model is introduced revealing that significant deethylation only proceeds provided that special interactions between the catalyst surface and the dye are existent. As the surface charge and the structure of the dye are both functions of the prot...

pH-Control of the Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism of Rhodamine B over Pb3Nb4O13

Multilayered films of TiO2 with ordered cubic mesoporosity were grown via layer-by-layer deposition on a conductive FTO (F-doped SnO2) substrate by dip-coating and subsequent calcination at 400 °C. Since platinum nanoparticles are known to enhance the photocatalytic activity, they were introduced into the TiO2 mesopores by pulsed electrodeposition. Additionally, sandwich-like layers with up to five alternating TiO2 and Pt layers were prepared. The photocatalytic gas-phase oxidation of acetaldehyde served as a test reaction to characterize the activity in the gas phase of both pristine TiO2 as well as Pt/TiO2 single- and multilayer films. The ordered mesoporous pristine TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited significantly higher photoactivity than commercial Pilkington Activ™ glass and dense TiO2 films. Moreover for pristine TiO2 films, those consisting of three layers (about 650 nm in thickness), were shown to be sufficient to achieve a maximum photonic efficiency of ζ = 0.45%. For the Pt/TiO2 system, however, a single-layer film with a total thickness of only about 220 nm exhibited an almost identical activity. Moreover, repetitive experiments demonstrated that the newly prepared photocatalyst films did not suffer from a decrease in the photocatalytic activity, evincing their potential for practical applications.

/pdf/multilayered-ordered-mesoporous-platinum-titania-composite-1m4kgyjjy8.pdf

Multilayered ordered mesoporous platinum/titania composite films: does the photocatalytic activity benefit from the film thickness?

We have developed a low-cost procedure for the deposition of mesoporous films of TiO 2 , which is easy to use and applicable for objects of various shape and size. This technique is based on spraying a sol containing titanium alkoxide, HCl, a suitable block-copolymer serving as a structure directing agent, and a solvent. Both the viscosity of the sol and the spraying conditions were precisely adjusted in order to achieve uniform coverage of the surface. The thickness of the films can be readily controlled by varying the number of deposited layers, their porosity being homogeneous and their surface area and pore volume increasing practically linearly with the increasing number of deposited layers. The mesoporous films of TiO 2 are suitable photocatalysts for the oxidation of NO and the removal of liquid layers deposited on their surface. The effect of the flow rate of the gaseous mixture through the reactor on the photocatalytic conversion of NO was analyzed.

A low-cost procedure for the preparation of mesoporous layers of TiO2 efficient in the environmental clean-up

The article considers foreign experience of implementation of compliance programs for maritime transport enterprises. The important role of analysis is explained by the ability to evaluate the results and develop a strategy and tactics for the development of the enterprise, anticipate risks and prevent eventual bankruptcy. Strategy is a complex and powerful weapon with which a modern firm can withstand the conditions of a changing environment; this is a tool that can provide a serious help to an enterprise caught in conditions of instability. Therefore, strategy deserves the most serious attention as a management tool. Compliance control ensures the protection of the economic interests of the enterprise from potential risks in the early stages, which simplifies the neutralization of such risks. The compliance program of a stevedoring company includes a code of conduct, anti-corruption policies, as well as other documents and procedures necessary for the company to achieve its compliance goal (compliance documents). The company’s compliance program (Compliance System) is a universal recognized international system of threats counteraction and risk management, which ensures compliance of the company’s activities with the requirements of the State bodies, self-regulatory public and other organizations, compliance with the rules, recommendations and standards governing the company’s activities. The compliance program includes many compliance measures to ensure the achievement of the goals of the compliance program. Compliance measures represent a management and control system in an organization related to ensuring that the organization’s activities and personnel comply with the requirements of legislation, normative regulations, rules and standards of supervisory authorities, industry associations and self-regulatory organizations (codes of conduct, etc.). Work on creating a compliance program for maritime transport enterprises must necessarily lead to an understanding of the company’s own development strategy and to success, as it forces to answer strategically important questions, such as: identification of external and internal factors affecting risks; legal restrictions and regulations; court decisions; voluntary verification of compliance with relevant industry standards. The main requirements of compliance – business transparency, adherence to the legal and ethical norms and regulations – must be implemented by a management system (compliance program) that can be built and implemented in practice.

/pdf/a-strategy-for-the-implementation-of-the-compliance-system-1zae6uzs.pdf

Viktor Yarovyi

Papers

Palladium Doped Porous Titania Photocatalysts: Impact of Mesoporous Order and Crystallinity

pH-Control of the Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism of Rhodamine B over Pb3Nb4O13

Multilayered ordered mesoporous platinum/titania composite films: does the photocatalytic activity benefit from the film thickness?

A low-cost procedure for the preparation of mesoporous layers of TiO2 efficient in the environmental clean-up

A Strategy for the Implementation of the Compliance System in the Activities for Maritime Transport Enterprises