Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior.

Part 1 Foundations of Management 1 Managing Appendix A The Evolution of Management 2 The External Environment and Organizational Culture 3 Managerial Decision Making Part 2 Planning: Delivering Strategic Value 4 Planning and Strategic Management 5 Ethics and Corporate Responsibility Appendix B The Caux Round Table Principles of Ethics Appendix C Managing in Our Natural Environment 6 International Management 7 Entrepreneurship Appendix D Information for Entrepreneurs Part 3 Organizing: Building a Dynamic Organization 8 Organization Structure 9 Organizational Agility 10 Human Resources Management 11 Managing the Diverse Workforce Part 4 Leading: Mobilizing People 12 Leadership 13 Motivating for Performance 14 Teamwork 15 Communicating Part 5 Controlling: Learning and Changing 16 Managerial Control 17 Managing Technology and Innovation Appendix E Operations Management in the New Economy 18 Creating and Managing Change Glossary Notes Photo Credits Name Index Subject Index

ManagementLeading & collaborating in a Competitive World

Business and Professional Communication

Influence of Strategic Orientation on Performance of Fintech Companies in Kenya

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia need to be encouraged to develop themselves. This is due to their contribution in the national economies. Yogyakarta, known as a creative city, has various kinds of micro enterprises, particularly food business. The appropriate strategies need to be applied to develop their business. Nevertheless, many food businesses in Yogyakarta city has different characteristics. The purpose of this study is to cluster food businesses as micro enterprises in Yogyakarta. K-means method is used to analyse 38 food businesses based on 13 variables related to characteristics of food businesses. 2 clusters obtained were named ‘prepared to level up cluster’ and ‘developing cluster’. ‘Prepared to level up cluster’ was considered to be more potential than ‘developing cluster’. SWOT analysis was then used to formulate the appropriate strategy for each cluster. By calculating total score of internal and external factor evaluation, obtained appropriate strategies for each cluster. Growth strategy through vertical integration was suitable for ‘prepared to level up cluster’. Meanwhile, ‘developing cluster’ need to adopt growth strategy through horizontal integration to develop its business.

Cluster analysis to determine business strategy for MSMEs in Yogyakarta

The globalised world has become more integrated and has witnessed an unprecedented dispersal of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) across various nations and regions of the world. Most of these MNEs advertently or inadvertently exhibit tendencies that show them off as ethnocentric- possessing superior culture than those of their host country. This study assessed the effects of ethnocentric behaviours on the performance of MNEs in the South West of Nigeria. Adopting a survey design, the study made use of primary data collected mainly through administering a set of questionnaire to 207 management staff of selected MNEs from Oyo, Lagos and Ogun states respectively. Findings inter alia revealed that: engaging expatriates in strategic positions by MNE's leads to increased operating costs; foreign culture of MNE's home country negatively affects the local acceptance of management techniques by employees in host countries and MNE's standardized marketing strategies encouraged customers' loyalty and patronage in the Nigeria business environments. The work among other things, recommends that local employees in host nations must be incorporated into key decisions to aid MNE's continuous effectiveness. The work, in addition to that, also advised that MNE's should guide against culture shock i.e. the disorientation, cultural risks and stress associated with being in a foreign environment.

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Vincent A. Onodugo

Papers

Ethnocentric Behaviour and Business Performance of Multinational Enterprises (MNES): Evidence From South-West Nigeria