http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5610941/5624686/05624745.pdf

Power electronics

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Power Electronics Converters Applications And Design

This paper proposes a novel active-clamp forward converter (ACFC) with a lossless-snubber on the secondary-side, which combines a resonant capacitor and a clamping diode with an output inductor in parallel. The conventional ACFC achieves zero-voltage-switching on switches of the primary-side during dead time for reducing the switching loss and voltage spike. Unfortunately, on the secondary-side of transformer, the voltage spike damages the free-wheeling diode and rectifier diode due to the reverse recovery current and junction-capacitor of the diode and leakage inductance of the transformer. This paper proposes a lossless-snubber on the secondary-side operation for reducing the voltage spike on the free-wheeling diode and forward-rectifier diode. Therefore, the converter proposed in this paper is suitable for high-output-current applications. Experimental results are shown to verify the analysis and design procedure of the proposed forward converter.

Active-Clamp Forward Converter With Lossless-Snubber on Secondary-Side

In this paper, the magnetic integration of resonant reset forward (RRF) converter and magnetic-thermal coupling analysis of integrated magnetic (IM) components are explored. The formulas of magnetic reluctance, winding turns, and magnetic flux density are obtained based on the equivalent magnetic circuit and minimum current pulsation scheme. Meanwhile, circuit-field coupling model of RRF converter and magnetic-thermal coupling model of IM components are built with the finite-element analysis (FEA) method. The simulation results illustrate that the core of the integrated RRF converter works in an unsaturated condition, the temperature rise of IM components is about 20 °C, and the integrated RRF converter has almost the same power efficiency as the conventional discrete RRF converter. Furthermore, hardware prototypes are fabricated and tested to verify the simulation accuracy and design validity. The conclusion of this paper will provide a reference for improving magnetic integration efficiency in the future design of RRF converter.

Circuit-Field Coupling and Magnetic-Thermal Coupling Analysis of RRF Converter Designed With Magnetic Integration

Satellite dc–dc power converters are required to have electromagnetic interference (EMI) compatibility as well as high reliability. The requirement of high reliability limits the complexity of the structure as well as the number of low-reliability components. In this paper, a conventional active-clamp-forward (ACF) topology is examined for a satellite converter owing to its relatively simple structure, small number of components, and good clamping capability regarding its switch voltage stress. However, it has a pulsating input current shape, a high di / dt level, and high switch voltage stress, which are disadvantageous with regard to the EMI filter size and high-input-voltage converter applications. To overcome these drawbacks, a new ACF topology with a continuous input current waveform is proposed. In the proposed waveform, the voltage stresses on the main switches are relieved, which is crucial to ensure the reliability of satellite FET switches, by utilizing a two-series connected structure. These features allow the proposed converter to serve as a high-input-voltage, high power-density satellite converter. In this paper, 100 W prototype converters with 50 V inputs operating at 300 kHz are built with a high power density of 47.9 W/in3. Experiments on these prototype converters are carried out to verify the features.

A High-Power-Density Converter With a Continuous Input Current Waveform for Satellite Power Applications

This paper is aimed at design and development of fixed high frequency Forward Converter Topology operating at resonant reset mode for Space applications. This self-resonant reset mechanism eliminates power loss in the reset circuit, thus simplifying circuitry and increasing efficiency. The galvanic isolation between input and output is implemented with magnetic feedback which is insensitive to component tolerance, radiation and has good temperature stability. Due to unavailability of radiation hardened PWM IC at higher frequency (>500 KHz), discrete PWM controller has been implemented. Hence, magnetic feedback and discrete PWM controller meets the requirements of radiation for DC-DC Converter for space application. The proposed topology is demonstrated with an experimental prototype that delivers three outputs 5V/4A, ±15V/0.667A from an 18–50 V input with better than 75% at full efficiency.

Multiple-output magnetic feedback forward converter with discrete PWM for space application

This paper addresses design issues involved in development of high voltage DC-DC converters such as optimizing isolation transformer parameters (leakage, proximity and Skin Effect), Power MOSFET losses and achieving tight voltage regulation (0.1%) used in Transmit Receive Multi Modules (TRMM). A modified transformer interleaving winding technique is implemented to reduce Skin, Proximity and leakage inductance which are associated with high voltage and high frequency. The proposed techniques are implemented in a proto type of 220W dc-dc converter designed with RCD forward converter topology with current mode control. Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETS are used to improve efficiency of converter. 220W dc-dc converter is having the features of very good regulation ( 75%) in all operating conditions and meets MIL-STD-704E/F. The proto is developed in dimensions of 125mm×60mm.

220W DC-DC converter for aerospace applications

This paper aims at design and implementation of light weight, smaller size, highly efficient and reliable single output DC-DC converter for defence application. To achieve miniaturization of the converter high switching frequency is selected, which in turn reduces the mass, size of magnetic and output filter components‥ To overcome the limitation of 50% duty cycle in auxiliary winding reset forward converter, RCD reset forward converter is designed and implemented to provide 55% duty cycle at the lower side of the input to deliver 30V/5A. Proposed converter is designed using RCD reset forward converter of switching frequency 150 kHz using UCC28C43 as a PWM controller. The proposed converter delivers 30V/5A from a 15V–45V input voltage range with efficiency better than 75%. The efficiency is greatly improved by clamping the MOSFET voltage stress from 150V to 94V at maximum input voltage. The proposed topology is realized with an experimental prototype of size 112 mm × 65 mm × 15mm.

Design and implementation of current mode controlled 150W miniature forward converter for defence application

Miniaturized high density i.e., 18.6Watt/inch3 DC DC Converter is designed and developed for military applications such as On Board Computers (OBC) and Missile Interface Unit (MIU). The converter topology used is Resonant Reset Forward Converter operating at a frequency of 350 kHz with current mode control technique. The selection of resonant reset forward converter is due to its simplicity in design, low cost, reduced losses and high efficiency. The UCC28C43 current mode controller is used as a PWM controller to drive the switching MOSFET. The Opto-coupler is used in the feedback control circuit for the purpose of isolation and hence it reduces the circuit complexity. This paper also includes Specification, Design challenges and design procedure. Converter is also tested for a transient response as per MIL-STD-1275A which requires an application of 100V for 50 msec and also meeting the transient response as per MIL-STD-704A and MIL-STD-704D (80V for 100 msec) without over designing the converter for high voltage. In this work prototype model is developed and experimental results are validated under different operating conditions.

Design and development of miniaturized 80 Watt Resonant Reset Forward Converter for military applications

This paper aims at design and development of multiple output forward converter with magnetic amplifier (Mag-amp) post regulators and voltage feed forward control for space application. Mag-amp regulates the output against any load variations and provides good load regulation. Voltage feed forward control is used to achieve good line regulation as the duty ratio varies directly as the input voltage. The converter is operating at a fixed frequency of 200 KHz. This paper also covers specification, design challenges and design procedure. A prototype model is developed and experimental results are validated under various operating conditions.

Vinod Chippalkatti

Papers

Multiple-output magnetic feedback forward converter with discrete PWM for space application

220W DC-DC converter for aerospace applications

Design and implementation of current mode controlled 150W miniature forward converter for defence application

Design and development of miniaturized 80 Watt Resonant Reset Forward Converter for military applications

Multiple output forward DC-DC converter with Mag-amp post regulators and voltage feedforward control for space application