Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems are a relatively new but rapidly developing science where materials in the nanoscale range are employed to serve as means of diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic agents to specific targeted sites in a controlled manner Nanotechnology offers multiple benefits in treating chronic human diseases by site-specific, and target-oriented delivery of precise medicines Recently, there are a number of outstanding applications of the nanomedicine (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents etc) in the treatment of various diseases The current review, presents an updated summary of recent advances in the field of nanomedicines and nano based drug delivery systems through comprehensive scrutiny of the discovery and application of nanomaterials in improving both the efficacy of novel and old drugs (eg, natural products) and selective diagnosis through disease marker molecules The opportunities and challenges of nanomedicines in drug delivery from synthetic/natural sources to their clinical applications are also discussed In addition, we have included information regarding the trends and perspectives in nanomedicine area

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Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects

The magnitude and evolution of parameters that characterize feedbacks in the coupled carbon–climate system are compared across nine Earth system models (ESMs). The analysis is based on results from biogeochemically, radiatively, and fully coupled simulations in which CO2 increases at a rate of 1% yr−1. These simulations are part of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The CO2 fluxes between the atmosphere and underlying land and ocean respond to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and to changes in temperature and other climate variables. The carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedback parameters characterize the response of the CO2 flux between the atmosphere and the underlying surface to these changes. Feedback parameters are calculated using two different approaches. The two approaches are equivalent and either may be used to calculate the contribution of the feedback terms to diagnosed cumulative emissions. The contribution of carbon–concentration feedback to...

Carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth system models

A novel VIKOR approach based on entropy and divergence measures of Pythagorean fuzzy sets to evaluate renewable energy technologies in India

A review of multi-criteria decision making applications for renewable energy site selection

Wind energy is one of the most promising renewable energy resources for power generation, and rapid growth has been seen in its acceptance since 2000. The most acceptable classification for wind turbines is by its axis of orientation: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). HAWTs are used in many countries for medium-to-large scale power projects, and most commercial installations around the globe are solely based on these turbines. On the other hand, HAWTs are not recognized as a viable option to harness the energy of the wind in urban areas, where the wind is less intense, much more chaotic and turbulent. VAWTs are suggested as a better choice for cities and isolated semi-urban areas. Several attributes have been suggested for the large-scale deployment of VAWTs, e.g., good performance under the weak and unstable wind, no noise and safety concerns, and aesthetically sound for integration in urban areas. Significant research has been published on wind turbine technology and resources assessment methodologies, and this review paper is a modest attempt to highlight some of the major developments of VAWTs, with a focus on the integration with urban infrastructure. Several recommendations have been drawn based on the state-of-the-art information on the subject for future studies and acceptance of wind turbines in the urban areas. It was concluded that further research is critical in making VAWTs a viable, dependable, and affordable power generation technology for many low and decentralized power applications.

A critical review of vertical axis wind turbines for urban applications

Watershed is considered to be the ideal unit for management of the natural resources. Extraction of water-shed parameters using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) and use of mathematical models is the current trend for hydrologic evaluation of watersheds. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) having an interface with ArcView GIS software (AVSWAT2000/X) was selected for the estimation of runoff and sediment yield from an area of Suni to Kasol, an intermediate watershed of Satluj river, located in Western Himalayan region. The model was calibrated for the years 1993 & 1994 and validated with the observed runoff and sediment yield for the years 1995, 1996 and 1997. The performance of the model was evaluated using statistical and graphical methods to assess the capability of the model in simulating the run-off and sediment yield from the study area. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the daily and monthly runoff was obtained as 0.53 and 0.90 respectively for the calibration period and 0.33 and 0.62 respectively for the validation period. The R2 value in estimating the daily and monthly sediment yield during calibration was computed as 0.33 and 0.38 respectively. The R2 for daily and monthly sediment yield values for 1995 to 1997 was observed to be 0.26 and 0.47.

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Simulation of Runoff and Sediment Yield for a Himalayan Watershed Using SWAT Model

Renewable energy is considered to be one of the viable options in consideration of intense economic development and increasing energy consumption. With maturity of advanced technologies, economical viable and environmental friendly, wind energy has become one of the fastest growing sources of renewable energy in the world. This study focuses on the combined use of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial multi-criteria decision analysis for selecting the most appropriate sites for wind-farm development projects. This paper utilized wind speed data over a period of almost 20 years between 1991 and 2010 from different stations to assess the wind power potential sites. The wind energy potential zones were grouped into four categories as “high suitable”, “moderate suitable”, “low suitable” and “not suitable”. The results show that the study area has 12.20% (2787.78 km 2 ) as high suitable, 17.06% (3899.78 km 2 ) as moderate suitable and 11.06% (2528.61 km 2 ) as low suitable. The most potential suitable sites were located in the northwestern (along Osian, Shergargh, Dechu, and Shaitrawa, Phalodi) of Jodhpur district, India. This scientific approach will enable resource managers during planning process to make informed decisions.

Potential zones identification for harvesting wind energy resources in desert region of India – A multi criteria evaluation approach using remote sensing and GIS

Analysis and trends of precipitation lapse rate and extreme indices over north Sikkim eastern Himalayas under CMIP5ESM-2M RCPs experiments

An assessment of global satellite‐based precipitation datasets in capturing precipitation extremes: A comparison with observed precipitation dataset in India

The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach. In the present study, we report the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles employing the bacterium E.Coli. The test bacterium was isolated from urine sample grown on EMB Agar medium and identified as E.coli bacteria. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the maximum absorbance was found to be around 400 nm. The particle size and lattice image of silver nanoparticles was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was studied against bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia. Growth curves of microbes in presence of silver nanoparticles showed inhibition of growth suggesting antibacterial property of the silver nanoparticles.

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Isolation and identification of E. coli bacteria for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization of the particles and study of antibacterial activity

Vishal Singh

Papers

Simulation of Runoff and Sediment Yield for a Himalayan Watershed Using SWAT Model

Potential zones identification for harvesting wind energy resources in desert region of India – A multi criteria evaluation approach using remote sensing and GIS

Analysis and trends of precipitation lapse rate and extreme indices over north Sikkim eastern Himalayas under CMIP5ESM-2M RCPs experiments

An assessment of global satellite‐based precipitation datasets in capturing precipitation extremes: A comparison with observed precipitation dataset in India

Isolation and identification of E. coli bacteria for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization of the particles and study of antibacterial activity