Electrodialysis Desalination for Water and Wastewater: A Review

Microalgae are a potential source of sustainable biomass feedstock for biofuel generation, and can proliferate under versatile environmental conditions Mass cultivation of microalgae is the most overpriced and technically challenging step in microalgal biofuel generation Wastewater is an available source of the water plus nutrients necessary for algae cultivation Microalgae provide a cost-effective and sustainable means of advanced (waste)water treatment with the simultaneous production of commercially valuable products Microalgae show higher efficiency in nutrient removal than other microorganisms because the nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, urea and trace elements) present in various wastewaters are essential for microalgal growth Potential progress in the area of microalgal cultivation coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems has led to an improvement in algal biomass production However, significant efforts are still required for the development and optimization of a coupled system to simultaneously generate biomass and treat wastewater In this review, the systematic description of the technologies required for the successful integration of wastewater treatment and cultivation of microalgae for biomass production toward biofuel generation was discussed It deeply reviews the microalgae-mediated treatment of different wastewaters (including municipal, piggery/swine, industrial, and anaerobic wastewater), and highlight the wastewater characteristics suitable for microalgae cultivation Various pretreatment methods (such as filtration, autoclaving, UV application, and dilution) needed for wastewater prior to its use for microalgae cultivation have been discussed The selection of potential microalgae species that can grow in wastewater and generate a large amount of biomass has been considered Discussion on microalgal cultivation systems (including raceways, photobioreactors, turf scrubbers, and hybrid systems) that use wastewater, evaluating the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) of each system was reported In view of the limitations of recent studies, the future directions for integrated wastewater treatment and microalgae biomass production for industrial applications were suggested

Recent progress in microalgal biomass production coupled with wastewater treatment for biofuel generation

Performance and prospects of different adsorbents for phosphorus uptake and recovery from water

Sludge treatment: Current research trends.

Wastewater treatment plants in many countries use anaerobic digesters for biosolids management and biogas generation. Opportunities exist to utilise the spare capacity of these digesters to co-digest food waste and sludge for energy recovery and a range of other economic and environmental benefits. This paper provides a critical perspective for full-scale implementation of co-digestion of food waste and wastewater sludge. Data compiled from full-scale facilities and the peer-reviewed literature revealed several key bottlenecks hindering full-scale implementation of co-digestion. Indeed, co-digestion applications remain concentrated mostly in countries or regions with favourable energy and waste management policies. Not all environmental benefits from waste diversion and resource recovery can be readily monetarised into revenue to support co-digestion projects. Our field surveys also revealed the important issue of inert impurities in food waste with significant implication to the planning, design, and operation of food waste processing and co-digestion plants. Other pertinent issues include regulatory uncertainty regarding gate fee, the lack of viable options for biogas utilisation, food waste collection and processing, impacts of co-digestion on biosolids reuse and downstream biogas utilisation, and lack of design and operation experience. Effort to address these bottlenecks and promote co-digestion requires a multi-disciplinary approach.

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Full scale co-digestion of wastewater sludge and food waste: Bottlenecks and possibilities

Technologies to recover nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from waste streams have undergone accelerated development in the past decade, predominantly due to a surge in fertilizer prices and stringent discharge limits on these nutrients. This review provides a critical state of art review of appropriate technologies which identifies research gaps, evaluates current and future potential for application of the respective technologies, and outlines paths and barriers for adoption of the nutrient recovery technologies. The different technologies can be broadly divided into the sequential categories of nutrient accumulation, followed by nutrient release, followed by nutrient extraction. Nutrient accumulation can be achieved via plants, microorganisms (algae and prokaryotic), and physicochemical mechanisms including chemical precipitation, membrane separation, sorption, and binding with magnetic particles. Nutrient release can occur by biochemical (anaerobic digestion and bioleaching) and thermochemical treatm...

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Technologies to Recover Nutrients from Waste Streams: A Critical Review

This report presents a review of extractive nutrient recovery technologies with an emphasis on bridging the knowledge gap faced by utilities when considering nutrient recovery for nutrient management. The report provides a framework for selecting a nutrient recovery option and, depending on the conditions at a water resource recovery facility, establishes whether keeping phosphorus in biosolids is more or less beneficial than concentrating it in an inorganic phase such as struvite.

Towards a Renewable Future: Assessing Resource Recovery as a Viable Treatment Alternative State of the Science and Market Assessment

Nutrient Recovery From Was Streams for Struvite Control and Recycle Load Reduction

Extractive nutrient recovery, defined as the production of chemical nutrient products devoid of significant organic matter, represents a complementary strategy for managing nutrients in multiple waste streams. In this option, energy and resources are used to accumulate and produce a chemical nutrient product that is recyclable and has a resale value that could potentially help offset operating costs while reducing nutrient production from raw materials for agricultural or other uses.

This report presents a compilation of case studies of water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) at various stages of implementation of extractive nutrient recovery technologies in the form of struvite crystallization. Of the 20 WRRFs identified in this report, six have implemented or are implementing a struvite crystallization facility and seven have performed desktop and/or pilot evaluations. Data from these 13 utilities were used to develop the Tool for Evaluating Resource Recovery-Phosphorus (TERRY – Phosphorus), which was used to perform a conceptual level evaluation of implementing struvite recovery at seven other WRRFs.

Data from the full-scale WRRFs that have implemented struvite recovery indicate that sidestream soluble phosphorus removals ranged from 80 to 90%, while ammonia removal ranged from 7 to 30%. Struvite production ranged from 64 to 421 metric tonnes per year and was found to be dependent on the site-specific conditions and technology employed. Drivers for implementing nutrient recovery included reduction in supplemental carbon requirements for nitrogen removal, reduction in aeration requirements, reduction in biosolids production versus conventional treatment alternatives, reduction in costs associated with mitigating nuisance precipitate formation, benefits to sludge dewaterability, and benefits associated with manipulating the N and P content of the biosolids. Quantifying the economic and non-economic benefits of these drivers together with site-specific factors can help drive the implementation of resource recovery systems at full-scale WRRFs.

This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series 

ISBN: 9781780407920 (eBook)

Towards a Renewable Future: Assessing Resource Recovery as a Viable Treatment Alternative: Case Studies of Facilities Employing Extractive Nutrient Recovery Technologies

Vivi Nguyen

Papers

Technologies to Recover Nutrients from Waste Streams: A Critical Review

Towards a Renewable Future: Assessing Resource Recovery as a Viable Treatment Alternative State of the Science and Market Assessment

Nutrient Recovery From Was Streams for Struvite Control and Recycle Load Reduction

Towards a Renewable Future: Assessing Resource Recovery as a Viable Treatment Alternative: Case Studies of Facilities Employing Extractive Nutrient Recovery Technologies

Pilot Testing Nutrient Recovery from WAS streams for Struvite Control and Recycle Load Reduction