Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving, by a feed point of a dielectric antenna, electromagnetic waves from a dielectric core coupled to the feed point without an electrical return path, where at least a portion of the dielectric antenna comprises a conductive surface, directing, by the feed point, the electromagnetic waves to a proximal portion of the dielectric antenna, and radiating, via an aperture of the dielectric antenna, a wireless signal responsive to the electromagnetic waves being received at the aperture. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device

A distributed antenna and backhaul system provide network connectivity for a small cell deployment. Rather than building new structures, and installing additional fiber and cable, embodiments described herein disclose using high-bandwidth, millimeter-wave communications and existing power line infrastructure. Above ground backhaul connections via power lines and line-of-sight millimeter-wave band signals as well as underground backhaul connections via buried electrical conduits can provide connectivity to the distributed base stations. An overhead millimeter-wave system can also be used to provide backhaul connectivity. Modules can be placed onto existing infrastructure, such as streetlights and utility poles, and the modules can contain base stations and antennas to transmit the millimeter-waves to and from other modules.

Backhaul link for distributed antenna system

A distributed antenna system is provided that frequency shifts the output of one or more microcells to a 60 GHz or higher frequency range for transmission to a set of distributed antennas. The cellular band outputs of these microcell base station devices are used to modulate a 60 GHz (or higher) carrier wave, yielding a group of subcarriers on the 60 GHz carrier wave. This group will then be transmitted in the air via analog microwave RF unit, after which it can be repeated or radiated to the surrounding area. The repeaters amplify the signal and resend it on the air again toward the next repeater. In places where a microcell is required, the 60 GHz signal is shifted in frequency back to its original frequency (e.g., the 1.9 GHz cellular band) and radiated locally to nearby mobile devices.

Remote distributed antenna system

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a device that facilitates transmitting electromagnetic waves along a surface of a wire that facilitates delivery of electric energy to devices, and sensing a condition that is adverse to the electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of the wire. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Method and apparatus for sensing a condition in a transmission medium of electromagnetic waves

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for detecting a fault in a first wire of a power grid that affects a transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that transport data and that propagate along a surface of the first wire, selecting a backup communication medium from one or more backup communication mediums according to one or more selection criteria, and redirecting the data to the backup communication medium to circumvent the fault. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Method and apparatus that provides fault tolerance in a communication network

A small ultra wideband (UWB) antenna designed to have a unidirectional radiation pattern is disclosed. The UWB antenna includes a substrate; a power feeding part, provided on an upper surface of the substrate, for receiving a supply of an external electromagnetic energy; a dipole radiator excited by the electromagnetic energy fed through the power feeding part and radiating electromagnetic waves in one and the other directions of the substrate; and an active loop radiator excited by the electromagnetic energy fed through the power feeding part, respectively enhancing and canceling the electromagnetic fields produced in one or the other directions of the substrate by the dipole radiator.

Small ultra wideband antenna having unidirectional radiation pattern

Basing on energetic processes studying in the near-field radiator zone, a new concept of antenna synthesizing for ultrawideband electromagnetic pulse radiation has been suggested. The results of experimental investigations of the antennae developed with using of this concept for high-power applications are presented. The antennae have small dimensions, high electrical strength, cardioid pattern with linear polarization of the pulse radiated and they are ideally adapted to be used as a steering antenna array element. A high-voltage nanosecond bipolar pulse generator design to excite antennae is described.

High-power ultrawideband electromagnetic pulse radiation

A small printed antenna structure is presented featuring directive radiation patterns over ultrawide frequency band without relying on large antenna dimensions. The antenna comprises virtually two antennas-one electric-type antenna and one magnetic-type antenna-excited simultaneously in close proximity via one feed point. This combination of radiated fields from different types of sources result in directive radiation patterns without increasing antenna sizes as typically observed in antennas using only one type of sources. Two printed prototypes of the combined antenna are fabricated and their measured VSWR and radiation gain pattern characteristics are discussed.

Small Printed Combined Electric-Magnetic Type Ultrawideband Antenna With Directive Radiation Characteristics

To detect and recognize objects moving in the earth atmosphere at a distance up to 100 km, ultrawideband (UWB) 1-ns long radiation pulses with the peak power up to 10 GW are necessary. Creation of radar with these parameters is possible on the basis of multielement steering antenna arrays. For operation in these arrays it is necessary to develop compact high-efficiency antennas capable to radiate pulses with the peak power of ~100 MW. In the previous works1, 2, 3 an approach to creation of this typte of antenna was suggested on the basis of the electric monopole and magnetic dipole combination and the sources of UWB radiation with the pulse length of 3–4 ns and power of 0.1–1 GW were created. Necessity to radiate shorter pulses (≤1 ns) resulted in creation of a new antenna4 on the basis of combination of electric monopole, two magnetic dipoles, and TEM-horn.

Ultrawideband Transmitting Antennas, Arrays, and High-Power Radiation Sources

Characteristics of a source of linearly-polarized ultrawideband (UWB) pulse radiation based on the irradiation of a offset-parabolic reflector by a compact UWB combined antenna was investigated in the paper. The feed antenna was excited by a bipolar voltage pulse of the amplitude up 100 kV and duration of 1 ns at the pulse repetition rate of 200 Hz, The developed source is designed to use in radar with high spatial resolution and to test radio-electronic systems.

Vladimir Koshelev

Papers

Small ultra wideband antenna having unidirectional radiation pattern

High-power ultrawideband electromagnetic pulse radiation

Small Printed Combined Electric-Magnetic Type Ultrawideband Antenna With Directive Radiation Characteristics

Ultrawideband Transmitting Antennas, Arrays, and High-Power Radiation Sources

A High-Power Source of Ultrawideband Radiation with Reflector Antenna