The water extract of the sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) was processed into instant soluble sage (ISS) powders by using spray drying at different inlet air temperatures. The ISS was produced by the addition of different carrier materials (β-cyclodextrin, arabic gum and maltodextrin). The moisture content (3–4 g/100 g), water activity (0.23–0.28), bulk density (320–358 kg/m3), and solubility (97–99 g/100 g) of the powders were measured. Different drying temperatures and carrier materials at different concentrations significantly (P

Influence of inlet air temperature and carrier material on the production of instant soluble sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) by spray drying

A comparative study on phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and essential oil content of wild and cultivated sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) as influenced by storage

A petroleum ether extract (PEE) and a methanolic extract (ME) of aerial parts of Salvia bicolor Desf were prepared, and their chemical compositions and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. GC/MS analysis of the PEE revealed the presence of 20 compounds in the unsaponifiable matter, among which β-sitosterol and β-amyrin (constituting 24.75% and 15.62%, respectively) were the main constituents, and 21 fatty acids, with linolenic acid and erucic acid being the main fatty acid constituents (21.65% and 16.65%, respectively). HPLC/MS analysis of the methanol extract for individual phenolics revealed the presence of 14 phenolic acids; protocatchuic acid was predominant (75.22 mg/g dry sample), followed by p-coumaric, gallic and synergic acids (70.27, 68.26 and 54.38 mg/g dry weight, respectively). HPLC/MS analysis of flavonoid contents revealed the presence of five flavonoid compounds, among which luteolin 7-O-glucoside and apigenin were the major constituents (120.25 mg/100g dry sample and 88.48 mg/100g dry sample, respectively). The antioxidant activities of both extracts were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and the total antioxidant capacity was determined in terms of GAE (gallic acid equivalents). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated using the rat paw edema and hot plate testing methods, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of both the PEE and ME were examined by means of the disk-diffusion method. The Salvia bicolor PEE and ME exhibited significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, in addition to antimicrobial effects against the selected microorganisms.

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Chemical composition and biological activity of extracts from Salvia bicolor Desf. growing in Egypt.

Diabetes is a global health problem, and the number of diabetic patients is in continuous rise. Conventional antidiabetic therapies are associated with high costs and limited efficiency. The use of traditional medicine and plant extracts to treat diabetes is gaining high popularity in many countries. Countries in the Middle East region have a long history of using herbal medicine to treat different diseases, including diabetes. In this review, we compiled and summarized all the in vivo and in vitro studies conducted for plants with potential antidiabetic activity in the Middle East region. Plants of the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are the most investigated. It is hoped that this review will contribute scientifically to evidence the ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents. Work has to be done to define tagetes, mechanism of action and the compound responsible for activity. In addition, safety and pharmacokinetic parameters should be investigated.

Middle East Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes: A Review

AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) extracts to serve as a storage medium for the maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability of avulsed teeth. METHODS AND MATERIALS PDL cells were obtained from healthy third molars and cultured in Dulbecco's Modi?ed Eagle's Medium (DMEM). Cultures were subjected to 4, 2.5, 1.5, and 0.5% S. officinalis solutions, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and tap water. Tissue culture plates were incubated with experimental media at 37 masculineC for 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours. PDL cell viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Tukey's test. The level of significance was 5% (p< 0.05). RESULTS The results showed 2.5% S. officinalis was a more effective storage medium than the other experimental solutions (p<0.05). Only at 1 hour and 3 hours was there found similar effect between 2.5% S. officinalis and HBSS. At 24 hours, 2.5% S. officinalis was found to be significantly better than the other solutions tested. CONCLUSION S. officinalis can be recommended as a suitable transport medium for avulsed teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this study support the use of S. officinalis as another option for clinicians to use to store and transport avulsed teeth until reimplantation procedures can be done.

W. El-Eraky

Papers

Antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of Salvia triloba extracts.