Various copper and zinc compounds (Cu, Zn, CuZn alloy, Cu 2 O, CuO, Cu 2 S, ZnO, ZnS) have been synthesized and characterized by electron spectroscopy (XPS). Data on the 2p 3/2 levels of Cu, Zn and S, the 1s level of O, the L 3 M 45 M 45 Auger transitions of Cu and Zn, the valence bands and the modified Auger parameters are reported. The results obtained with these reference compounds allow qualitative and quantitative interpretation of XPS analyses on mixtures of these compounds

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of copper and zinc oxides and sulphides

Unmodified, epoxy resins cause certain problems for both the adhesive formulator and end-user. They are often rigid and brittle; hence, impact resistance and peel strength are poor. For decades, chemists have been vigorously working to minimize these major shortcomings. Based on a popular course sponsored by the Society of Plastics Engineers and written by an authority in the field, this comprehensive text presents a variety of methods to accomplish what up to now has been a formidable task. Beginning with epoxy chemistry, moving on to fillers, filler treatments, and surfactants, and ending with current and future development in formulating Epoxy Adhesives, this rigorous text addressed the problem of improving flexibility, durability and strength by adding chemical groups to the epoxy structure either via the base resin or the curing agent or by adding separate flexibilizing resins to the formulation to create an epoxy-hybrid adhesive.

Epoxy Adhesive Formulations

The behaviour of carbon black upon addition to elastomers to increase the strength, particularly the abrasion resistance and the tear strength, of the crosslinked product is reviewed. It is found that the overwhelmingly greater portion of all studies on carbon black/elastomer interactions deals with properties at extensions much lower than those obtaining at rupture. These are developed to show that the interactions are time- and temperature-dependent.

Reinforcement of rubber by carbon black

Effect of benzotriazole derivatives on the corrosion of brass in NaCl solutions

The alkaline stability of phosphate coatings I: ICP atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry

An overview is given of the mechanism and theories of adhesion of brass-plated steel cords to rubber The literature on this topic in the period 1979–1983 is reviewed Although the actual 

Mechanism and Theories of Rubber Adhesion to Steel Tire Cords—An Overview

During the past several years the fundamental knowledge of the processes which lead to rubber-brass bond formation and to bond degradation has increased considerably. As a result of the ap...

Fundamental Aspects of Rubber Adhesion to Brass-Plated Steel Tire Cords

The role of XPS in the study and understanding of rubber-to-metal bonding

The rubber adhesion of brass-plated steel tire cord has been studied with emphasis on the effects on unaged and aged adhesion of compound formulation variations. A series of 16 test compou...

Rubber Adhesion of Brass-Plated Steel Tire Cords: Fundamental Study of the Effects of Compound Formulation Variations on Adhesive Properties

A new adhesion model for the bonding of sulfur-vulcanizable rubber compounds to brass has been presented and discussed. The adhesion is explained on the basis of an autocatalytic effect of a thin film of cuprous sulfide formed on the brass surface by the combined action of sulfur and vulcanization accelerator. This film transfers sulfur atoms to rubber molecules, which results in a high rubber surface polarity. This surface bonds to brass by physical interaction. Although minute amounts of cuprous sulfide are a prerequisite, an excess of this compound is detrimental to the adhesion, as thick films are brittle and nonadherent to the brass substrate. Consequently, all parameters which affect the reactivity of a brass surface for cuprous sulfide formation, have an effect on the adhesion. These parameters are brass copper content, brass surface composition, and rubber compound formulation. The action of the various individual rubber ingredients on the reactions at the interface can be simulated by me...

W. J. van Ooij

Papers

Mechanism and Theories of Rubber Adhesion to Steel Tire Cords—An Overview

Fundamental Aspects of Rubber Adhesion to Brass-Plated Steel Tire Cords

The role of XPS in the study and understanding of rubber-to-metal bonding

Rubber Adhesion of Brass-Plated Steel Tire Cords: Fundamental Study of the Effects of Compound Formulation Variations on Adhesive Properties

Mechanism of Rubber-To-Brass Adhesion : Effect of Rubber Composition on the Adhesion