International Security Studies (ISS) has changed and diversified in many ways since 1945. This book provides the first intellectual history of the development of the subject in that period. It explains how ISS evolved from an initial concern with the strategic consequences of superpower rivalry and nuclear weapons, to its current diversity in which environmental, economic, human and other securities sit alongside military security, and in which approaches ranging from traditional Realist analysis to Feminism and Post-colonialism are in play. It sets out the driving forces that shaped debates in ISS, shows what makes ISS a single conversation across its diversity, and gives an authoritative account of debates on all the main topics within ISS. This is an unparalleled survey of the literature and institutions of ISS that will be an invaluable guide for all students and scholars of ISS, whether traditionalist, ‘new agenda’ or critical. • The first book to tell the post-1945 story of International Security Studies and offer an integrated historical sociology of the whole field • Opens the door to a long-overdue conversation about what ISS is and where it should be going • Provides a detailed institutional account of ISS in terms of its journals, departments, think tanks and funding sources

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The Evolution of International Security Studies

Part I. Introductions: Part II. Sightings: 1. Handmaids' tales of Washington power: the abject and the real Kennedy White House 2. Reginas in international relations: occlusions, cooperations, and Zimbabwean cooperatives 3. The white paper trailing 4. Picturing the Cold War an eyegraft/art graft 5. Four international Dianas: Andy's tribute Part III. Sitings: 6. The emperors theories and transformations looking at the field through feminist lenses 7. Feminists and realists view autonomy and obligation in international relations 8. Some dangers in merging feminist and peace projects 9. Gendered development imaginaries: shall we dance Pygmalion? 10. Emphatic cooperation: a feminist method for IR Part IV. Citings: 11. Feminist arts of international relations 12. Internations of feminism and international relations.

Feminist international relations : an unfinished journey

Economic theory and existing empirical studies do not unambiguously indicate whether higher military expenditures retard or promote economic growth, nor have there been systematic attempts to discern the sources of military spending to help determine how much of that spending can realistically be reduced. This article examines the theoretical link between military spending and economic growth, explores the domestic and regional causes of this spending, and tests a model incorporating a simultaneous relationship between military spending and economic growth in a pooled time-series cross-sectional analysis on various groupings of Middle Eastern states. While the analysis is shown sensitive to assumptions about causality and the numerous problems of pooled data, the results indicate that higher military spending has suppressed economic growth in the Middle East region even when alternative measures of the military burden are used.

Military Burden, Security Needs, and Economic Growth in the Middle East:

As we end the section on sites that enable feminism within IR and IR within feminism, several themes and tributes from earlier essays gather in a final “empathetic” place. Elshtain's and Enloe's styles, the sources they use, and types of connections and arguments they make all assert themselves around me. Both scholars are good at ducking in and out of private and public spheres to find the transversal points, people, patterns of authority, and political outcomes that comprise international relations – and there is that constructivist theme again. As my journey continues, however, it also becomes clear to me that we must both enlarge and be scrupulously rigorous within our methodological repertory. Elshtain, Enloe, and Tickner were silent about the precise feminist approaches that informed their early research, although readers can see that Enloe and Tickner displayed feminist standpoint thinking while Women and War raised feminist postmodernist identity concerns. In the essays composing this section, I rah for specificity in between standpoint and postmodernist ways of siting feminist knowledge, wary of impaling women on the spears that thrust at both sites. Standpoint feminism remains the approach that puts women front and center for a change – and I gulp in the sweet air around that – instead of dropping “her” in some back lot of social theory.

Empathetic Cooperation: A Feminist Method For IR

Military expenditures of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China are examined from two perspectives: (1) a modification of the traditional Richardson arms race formu...

Military Spending in the United States, Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China

The long-range research (Guetzkow and Hollist, 1976) in which this piece is nested aims at bringing together and “adding-up” segments of knowledge regarding international affairs. The goal is to develop a series of increasingly comprehensive theories of international relations in the format of computer simulation. This paper empirically analyzes various hypothesized explanations of competitive arms processes. Richardson-type arms race models and several modifications thereof are empirically tested for the United States and the Soviet Union from 1948–1970. The findings suggest that the process of arms build-ups is not identical for the two countries. Of eight alternative explanations considered, one model more adequately explains increases in U.S. arms, while another model more adequately fits the case of the Soviet Union. These findings provide an empirical basis for a model of arms processes which will be incorporated into a comprehensive computer simulation composed of this and other empirically analyzed modules (theories) of processes ongoing in international affairs.

An Analysis of Arms Processes in the United States and the Soviet Union

Conclusion: Anticipating World System Theory Synthesis

W Ladd Hollist World System Debates Part One A World System Conceptualization and Alternative World Order Perspectives Christopher Chase-Dunn Interstate System and Capitalist World-Economy One Logic or Two? Patrick J McGowan and Bohdan Kordan Imperialism in World-System Perspective Britain 1870-1914 Hayward R Alker Jr Dialectical Foundations of Global Disparities Johan Galtung Global Processes and the World in the 1980s Part Two Change and Continuity James A Caporaso Industrialization in the Periphery The Evolving Global Division of Labour Stephen D Krasner Transforming International Regimes What the Third World Wants and Why W Ladd Hollist Brazilian Dependence An Evolutionary World-System Perspective Part Three State and Class Relations Raymond D Duvall and John R Freeman The State and Dependant Capitalism Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff Class Structures in Developing Societies Part Four Toward Theory Construction Alternative Conclusions James N Rosenau Interpreting Aggregative Processes in the International Political Economy Third World Demands as Empirical Data W Ladd Hollist Anticipating World System Theory Synthesis

World System Structure: Continuity and Change

The world systems orientation in the field of international relations is relatively new and complements previous approaches. The contributors to this volume have in some cases reevaluated their own earlier studies to consider transhistorically manifested continuities and pressures for structural change. The major point of agreement presently reached is the perpetuation and endurance of our present world order and certain long-term structures which support it. A healthy debate takes place over the relationship between economics and the state system.

W. Ladd Hollist

Papers

An Analysis of Arms Processes in the United States and the Soviet Union

Conclusion: Anticipating World System Theory Synthesis

World System Structure: Continuity and Change

World System Debates