1 Introduction 2 Electromagnetic Transients 3 Synchronous Machine Modeling 4 Synchronous Machine Control Models 5 Single-Machine Dynamic Models 6 Multimachine Dynamic Models 7 Multimachine Simulation 8 Small-Signal Stability 9 Energy Function Methods Appendix A: Integral Manifolds for Model Bibliography Index

Power System Dynamics and Stability

1. Introduction. 1.1 Background. 1.2 Electrical Transmission Networks. 1.3 Conventional Control Mechanisms. 1.4 Flexible ac Transmission Systems (FACTS). 1.5 Emerging Transmission Networks. 2. Reactor--Power Control in Electrical Power Transmission Systems. 2.1 Reacrive Power. 2.2 Uncompensated Transmission Lines. 2.3 Passive Compensation. 2.4 Summary. 3. Principles of Conventional Reactive--Power Compensators. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Synchronous Condensers. 3.3 The Saturated Reactor (SR). 3.4 The Thyristor--Controlled Reactor (TCR). 3.5 The Thyristor--Controlled Transformer (TCT). 3.6 The Fixed Capacitor--Thyristor--Controlled Reactor (FC--TCR). 3.7 The Mechanically Switched Capacitor--Thristor--Controlled Reactor (MSC--TCR). 3.8 The Thyristor--Switched capacitor and Reactor. 3.9 The Thyristor--Switched capacitor--Thyristor--Controlled Reactor (TSC--TCR). 3.10 A Comparison of Different SVCs. 3.11 Summary. 4. SVC Control Components and Models. 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement Systems. 4.3 The Voltage Regulator. 4.4 Gate--Pulse Generation. 4.5 The Synchronizing System. 4.6 Additional Control and Protection Functions. 4.7 Modeling of SVC for Power--System Studies. 4.8 Summary. 5. Conceepts of SVC Voltage Control. 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Voltage Control. 5.3 Effect of Network Resonances on the Controller Response. 5.4 The 2nd Harmonic Interaction Between the SVC and ac Network. 5.5 Application of the SVC to Series--Compensated ac Systems. 5.6 3rd Harmonic Distortion. 5.7 Voltage--Controlled Design Studies. 5.8 Summary. 6. Applications. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Increase in Steady--State Power--Transfer Capacity. 6.3 Enhancement of Transient Stability. 6.4 Augmentation of Power--System Damping. 6.5 SVC Mitigation of Subsychronous Resonance (SSR). 6.6 Prevention of Voltage Instability. 6.7 Improvement of HVDC Link Performance. 6.8 Summary. 7. The Thyristor--Controlled SeriesCapacitor (TCSC). 7.1 Series Compensation. 7.2 The TCSC Controller. 7.3 Operation of the TCSC. 7.4 The TSSC. 7.5 Analysis of the TCSC. 7.6 Capability Characteristics. 7.7 Harmonic Performance. 7.8 Losses. 7.9 Response of the TCSC. 7.10 Modeling of the TCSC. 7.11 Summary. 8. TCSC Applications. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Open--Loop Control. 8.3 Closed--Loop Control. 8.4 Improvement of the System--Stability Limit. 8.5 Enhancement of System Damping. 8.6 Subsynchronous Resonanace (SSR) Mitigation. 8.7 Voltage--Collapse Prevention. 8.8 TCSC Installations. 8.9 Summary. 9. Coordination of FACTS Controllers. 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Controller Interactions. 9.3 SVC--SVC Interaction. 9.4 SVC--HVDC Interaction. 9.5 SVC--TCSC Interaction. 9.6 TCSC--TCSC Interaction. 9.7 Performance Criteria for Damping--Controller Design. 9.8 Coordination of Multiple Controllers Using Linear--Control Techniques. 9.9 Coordination of Multiple Controllers using Nonlinear--Control Techniques. 9.10 Summary. 10. Emerging FACTS Controllers. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 The STATCOM. 10.3 THE SSSC. 10.4 The UPFC. 10.5 Comparative Evaluation of Different FACTS Controllers. 10.6 Future Direction of FACTS Technology. 10.7 Summary. Appendix A. Design of an SVC Voltage Regulator. A.1 Study System. A.2 Method of System Gain. A.3 Elgen Value Analysis. A.4 Simulator Studies. A.5 A Comparison of Physical Simulator results With Analytical and Digital Simulator Results Using Linearized Models. Appendix B. Transient--Stability Enhancement in a Midpoint SVC--Compensated SMIB System. Appendix C. Approximate Multimodal decomposition Method for the Design of FACTS Controllers. C.1 Introduction. C.2 Modal Analysis of the ith Swing Mode, C.3 Implications of Different Transfer Functions. C.4 Design of the Damping Controller. Appendix D. FACTS Terms and Definitions. Index.

Thyristor-Based Facts Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems

As background, we describe frequently used feedforward wide-area discontinuous power system stability controls. Then we describe online demonstration of a new response-based (feedback) Wide-Area stability and voltage Control System (WACS). The control system uses powerful discontinuous actions for power system stabilization. The control system comprises phasor measurements at many substations, fiber-optic communications, real-time deterministic computers, and transfer trip output signals to circuit breakers at many other substations and power plants. Finally, we describe future development of WACS. WACS is developed as a flexible platform to prevent blackouts and facilitate electrical commerce.

WACS-Wide-Area Stability and Voltage Control System: R&D and Online Demonstration

Mathematical Model and Solution of Electric Network.- Load Flow Analysis.- Stochastic Security Analysis of Electrical Power Systems.- Power Flow Analysis in Market Environment.- HVDC and FACTS.- Mathematical Model of Synchronous Generator and Load.- Power System Transient Stability Analysis.- Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Power Systems.

/pdf/modern-power-systems-analysis-3evhn28m51.pdf

Modern Power Systems Analysis

A theoretical basis and signal-processing approach for estimating a power system's electromechanical mode-shape properties using time-synchronized phasor measurements are presented. The relationship between modal eigenvectors and measurable power system quantities are derived. Spectral correlation analysis is used to implement the approach with demonstrative examples. This includes simulation examples as well as measured data from the western North American power system.

Estimating Electromechanical Mode Shape From Synchrophasor Measurements

The authors describe how the Bonneville Power Authority (USA) began to develop integrated monitoring and analysis tools to meet the need for accurate and coordinated dynamic power system information in 1990. They detail how the Dynamic Information Technology Package (DITPak) has evolved and how it now includes virtual instrumentation using LabVIEW software, modular and readily networked measurement hardware, streamlined analysis software in a MATLAB working environment and optional use of familiar workstation tools for display and report generation.

Keeping an eye on power system dynamics

Shows that the standard coherency function provides rich information about a system's observability characteristics. Specifically, linearizable large-scale systems with oscillatory dynamics are considered. Also, it is assumed that the system is excited by several random inputs. Cross-correlation of system outputs using the coherency function is shown to be a strong indicator of a particular system mode's (i.e., oscillatory pole's) participation or observability. Because the coherency can be estimated using standard FFT analysis of actual measured signals, the results enable useful information for advanced large-scale system monitoring and operation. This is demonstrated using a two-area four-generator interconnected power system example.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6343/16954/00786601.pdf

W. Litzenberger

Papers

Keeping an eye on power system dynamics

Using the coherency function to detect large-scale dynamic system modal observability