Trypanosoma evansi, the agent of “surra,” is a salivarian trypanosome, originating from Africa. It is thought to derive from Trypanosoma brucei by deletion of the maxicircle kinetoplastic DNA (genetic material required for cyclical development in tsetse flies). It is mostly mechanically transmitted by tabanids and stomoxes, initially to camels, in sub-Saharan area. The disease spread from North Africa towards the Middle East, Turkey, India, up to 53° North in Russia, across all South-East Asia, down to Indonesia and the Philippines, and it was also introduced by the conquistadores into Latin America. It can affect a very large range of domestic and wild hosts including camelids, equines, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs and other carnivores, deer, gazelles, and elephants. It found a new large range of wild and domestic hosts in Latin America, including reservoirs (capybaras) and biological vectors (vampire bats). Surra is a major disease in camels, equines, and dogs, in which it can often be fatal in the absence of treatment, and exhibits nonspecific clinical signs (anaemia, loss of weight, abortion, and death), which are variable from one host and one place to another; however, its immunosuppressive effects interfering with intercurrent diseases or vaccination campaigns might be its most significant and questionable aspect.

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Trypanosoma evansi and Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Origin, History, Distribution, Taxonomy, Morphology, Hosts, and Pathogenic Effects

Quinapyramine sulfate-loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles show enhanced trypanocidal activity

Trypanosoma evansi: Hematologic changes in experimentally infected cats

Trypanosoma evansi, the agent of surra, is a salivarian trypanosome, originating from Africa. Surra is a major disease in camels, equines and dogs, in which it can often be fatal in the absence of treatment. Animals exhibit nonspecific clinical signs (anaemia, loss of weight and abortion). In the present survey, a blood sample was collected in Sousse (Central Tunisia) from a dog that presented clinical signs of trypanosomiasis. Giemsa-stained blood smears and PCR were performed. ITS1 sequences from blood had 99.8 and 99.5% homology with published T. evansi sequences from cattle and camels, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. evansi in a Tunisian dog. Resume - Premier cas de surra (infection par Trypanosoma evansi) chez un chien en Tunisie. Trypanosoma evansi, l'agent du surra, est un trypanosome salivaria d'origine africaine. Le surra est une maladie importante chez le dromadaire, les equides et le chien, qui est souvent fatale en l'absence de traitement. L'animal presente des signes cliniques non specifiques (anemie, perte de poids, avortement). Dans la presente etude, l'echantillon de sang a ete preleve a Sousse (centre de la Tunisie) d'un chien presentant des signes cliniques de trypanosomose. Des etalements de sang colores au Giemsa et des PCR ont ete realises. Les sequences ITS1 avaient 99,8 et 99,5 % d'homologie avec des sequences de T. evansi, respectivement de bovins et de dromadaires. A notre connaissance, ceci est la premiere mention de T. evansi chez un chien en Tunisie.

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First report of surra (Trypanosoma evansi infection) in a Tunisian dog

Diminazene aceturate in the control of Trypanosoma evansi infection in cats.

Cet article rapporte trois cas cliniques de trypanosomose a Trypanosoma evansi (« surra ») chez des chats Koweitiens. Les symptomes, les anomalies hematologiques et les resultats du traitement sont decrits.

W. Tarello

Papers

Trypanosoma evansi infection in three cats