A MANET is an autonomous collection of mobile users where network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. In case of more number of receivers, multicasting is the appropriate mechanism. For MANETs many multicast protocols have been proposed and prominent among them are On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP), Multicast Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV), Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM), Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) and Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP). In this work, performance metrics for these protocols are first identified and then simulation is performed to analyze their performance in different scenarios varying the multicast group size. QoS metrics identified in this work are multicast throughput, average multicast end to end delay, average multicast jitter, packet delivery ratio, control overhead and link utilization. Qualnet 6.1 simulator has been used to calculate these metrics. The overall results obtained conclude that if all the metrics are considered then ODMRP outperforms the other protocols due to consistent performance. End to end delay, Jitter and Control overhead of MAODV is largest among all. But if only Throughput and Packet delivery ratio is concerned than it is observed that MAODV performs better.

Performance analysis of multicast routing protocols in ad-hoc networks

Multicasting Routing in Mobile Ad hoc networks faces various issues related to Quality of Services (QoS) which suffer from behavior of routing protocols, topology, group management, security and group mobility. QoS constraints can be categorized by their application domains also i.e. for military, we need to maintain QoS for confidentiality and data integrity by compromising with control overhead, in case of real time applications, we need to maintain QoS for throughput by maintaining jitter, delay and packet delivery ratio etc. In this paper, we will give an overview of the different approaches that have been recently developed to resolve the issues related to QoS support over Multicast Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.

Qos Enabled Communication Support over Multicast Ad Hoc Networks: An Overview

A MANET consists of self-coordinating mobile nodes which show dynamic behavior during their multicast operations. Thus, it is imperative to obtain the best way to provide multicast services in this kind of environment. For this purpose investigation and quantification of existing multicast routing protocols is the foremost step. In this article detailed discussion is done regarding basic behaviors of the multicast protocols and the types of services provided by them. Multicast protocols have different layers of operation namely, network layer, application layer and MAC layer. In this work the coherent survey of existing network layer multicast routing protocols is done .The various routing mechanisms and the application/services are also discussed. The classification of protocols on the basis of their types of routing mechanism and type of application/services, provide the comprehensive information about the protocols. Thus this paper aims to present a clear view to the MANET researchers and application developers so that they could select the multicast protocol accordingly for their work.

Terminology for Network Layer Multicast Routing Protocols in MANETs

In a network that is wireless, ad hoc, mobile, with forever differing topology, the need for a routing protocol arises for locating routes to nodes of the network so that a sender and a receiver can talk to each other via packets. An important task is to write a routing algorithm that will search, the cost-effective route, in terms of distance and overheads, between every source–target pair. In MANETs, there is a need for multicast routing because data packets are transmitted to dynamically changing groups. Therefore, multicast routing protocols should ensure that certain parameter values are achieved. In such networks, link breakage often happens. But when there are numerous paths available between the same pair of source and sink, the robustness of the network increases. This is the case with mesh-operated multicast routing protocols. This paper describes three of such protocols, compares them, and proposes a solution that overcomes the challenges in the existing protocols.

Comparing Mesh Topology-Based Multicast Routing Protocols in MANETs

Mobile ad-hoc networks are flexible networks that support upcoming group applications like spontaneous joint activities and emergency operations It consists of nodes which are mobile and without a wired infrastructure During mobility of nodes and band-width constraints, the multicast routing protocols faces difficulty in routing There are different varieties of multicast protocols proposed for ad hoc networks Here, a simulation of a set of wireless ad hoc multicast protocols is evaluated under various network scenarios The relative pros, cons, and area of application of each multicast protocol to different situations are compared using parameters like throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay The Multicast routing protocols like ODMRP (On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol), MAODV (Multicast Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) and MOSPF (Multicast Open Shortest Path First) are considered for the evaluation and the simulation is performed using QUALNET

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6415466/6449780/06449917.pdf

Wahida Banu Rsd

Papers

Performance evaluation of multicast routing protocols in ad-hoc networks