Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

One-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures have been studied intensively and extensively over the last decade not only for their remarkable chemical and physical properties, but also for their current and future diverse technological applications. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the progress that has been made within the context of 1D ZnO nanostructures synthesized via wet chemical methods. We will cover the synthetic methodologies and corresponding growth mechanisms, different structures, doping and alloying, position-controlled growth on substrates, and finally, their functional properties as catalysts, hydrophobic surfaces, sensors, and in nanoelectronic, optical, optoelectronic, and energy harvesting devices.

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One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00120432/document

Raman Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials: How Spectra Relate to Disorder, Particle Size and Mechanical Properties

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) offers an efficient and easily implemented technology for future energy supply. Compared to conventional silicon solar cells, it provides comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) at low material and manufacturing costs. DSSC materials such as titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) are inexpensive, abundant and innocuous to the environment. Since DSSC materials are less prone to contamination and processable at ambient temperature, a roll-to-roll process could be utilized to print DSSCs on the mass production line. DSSCs perform better under lower light intensities, which makes them an excellent choice for indoor applications. Due to the advancement of molecular engineering, colored and transparent thin films have been introduced to enhance the aesthetic values. Up to now, such benefits have attracted considerable research interests and commercialization effort. Here, this review examines advanced techniques and research trends of this promising technology from the perspective of device modeling, state-of-art techniques, and novel device structures.

Review on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): Advanced techniques and research trends

Functional materials by electrospinning of polymers

Growth of single crystal ZnO nanowires using sputter deposition

ZnO nanowires were produced using an electrospinning method and used in gas sensors for the detection of ethanol at 220 °C. This electrospinning technique allows the direct placement of ZnO nanowires during their synthesis to bridge the sensor electrodes. An excellent sensitivity of nearly 90% was obtained at a low ethanol concentration of 10 ppm, and the rest obtained at higher ethanol concentrations, up to 600 ppm, all equal to or greater than 90%.

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Electrospun ZnO Nanowires as Gas Sensors for Ethanol Detection

Single-crystalline anatase TiO2 nanowires have been synthesized using a novel, room-temperature method involving the use of seed particles and a radio frequency magnetron sputter deposition technique. Also, the growth time required was less than 60 min. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure analyses show that the obtained nanowires are single-crystalline anatase TiO2. Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy spectrum shows that the nanowires’ band-to-band emission exhibits a blue shift from to 3.20 (387) to 3.46 eV (358 nm). Conventional vapor−liquid−solid and vapor−solid−solid growth modes are not applicable to explain the growth of the obtained single-crystalline anatase TiO2 nanowires at room-temperature. A folded-growth mode is therefore suggested.

Room-Temperature Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Anatase TiO2 Nanowires

Single crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were synthesized on sputter-deposited ZnO seed layers via hydrothermal reactions in an equimolar (20 mM) aqueous solutions of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and C6H12N4 at 90°C. The sputter-deposited ZnO seed layers were prepared to exhibit different crystalline structures in order to examine their effects on the growth of ZnO nanowires. It was found that the nanowire diameter depends on the size of the (002) grains of the seed layer. This is attributed to the epitaxially growth of the nanowires from the columnar grains of the seed layer which is shown by the TEM analysis.

Effects of Seed Layer Characteristics on the Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires

High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is a novel physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique. HiPIMS is a low-temperature process, giving well-adherent coatings, better quality films, and droplet-free deposition. It provides enhanced gas dissociation and highly ionized plasma by inputting a high power during short pulses to the target. The target material is therefore not only sputtered but also ionized during the deposition process. In this study, TiN thin films were deposited using a uni-polar mode HiPIMS process. Nitrogen was used as the reactive gas to deposit TiN along with Ar gas. The deposition of TiN films was investigated by varying the duty cycles from 2 to 10% to have peak power density ranging from 208 to 1064 W/cm2. A high peak power density was obtained at a low duty cycle. DC magnetron sputtered TiN thin film (duty cycle = 100%) was also deposited for comparison. We demonstrate that the HiPIMS deposited TiN thin film exhibits a denser structure and smoother surface at low duty cycles. It was also found that the intense ion bombardment at low duty cycles deteriorates the film structure and their mechanical properties. Moderate ion bombardment at a duty cycle of 4.5% gives the highest (111)/(200) intensity ratio and the highest amount of Ti N bonding. This results in a film having the highest hardness, elastic modulus, and corrosion resistance of 29.3 GPa, 388.2 GPa, and 1.56E+ 06 (Ω/cm2), respectively. However, oxygen was found in the resulting films.

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Wan-Yu Wu

Papers

Growth of single crystal ZnO nanowires using sputter deposition

Electrospun ZnO Nanowires as Gas Sensors for Ethanol Detection

Room-Temperature Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Anatase TiO2 Nanowires

Effects of Seed Layer Characteristics on the Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires

Effect of duty cycles on the deposition and characteristics of high power impulse magnetron sputtering deposited TiN thin films